Department of Civil Engineering, Umm Alqura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Waste Manag Res. 2020 Mar;38(3):245-253. doi: 10.1177/0734242X19833153. Epub 2019 Mar 1.
Municipal solid waste is a problem to developed and developing cities in the world. If municipal solid waste is not managed well, it can be a source of numerous contaminants to water, air, and soil. Although landfill is at the bottom in terms of priorities of municipal solid waste management techniques, its applicability cannot be neglected in developing economies. Landfill site selection is a hard puzzle comprised of political, social, economic, and environmental factors. Makkah, Saudi Arabia, is targeting 30 million pilgrims by 2030, putting the city in a difficult circumstance: More pilgrims, more municipal solid waste. The current dump site, Kakia, is expected to be full by 2020; thus, there is a need to locate a new landfill site. In 20 years, Makkah is expected to produce 44 million tonnes of municipal solid waste, which requires approximately a 7.5 m × 5,874,000 square meter landfill capacity. In this study, a geographic information system, analytical hierarchy process, vertical electrical sounding, and ground-penetrating radar are applied to select the best new landfill site for Makkah. By combining these techniques, there are three suitable site locations: (39°36 ́38.45 ́ ́E: 21°18 ́26.46 ́ ́N), (39°37 ́54.07 ́ ́E: 21°19 ́35.25 ́ ́N), and (39°44 ́04.45 ́ ́E: 21°13 ́08.93 ́ ́N). These sites have a considerable depth to water table of 12 m. Therefore, the city of Makkah should use these findings to establish a sanitary landfill.
城市固体废物是世界上发达和发展中城市面临的一个问题。如果城市固体废物得不到妥善管理，它可能成为水、空气和土壤中众多污染物的来源。尽管垃圾填埋场在城市固体废物管理技术的优先级中处于最低位置，但在发展中经济体中，其适用性不容忽视。垃圾填埋场选址是一个由政治、社会、经济和环境因素组成的难题。沙特阿拉伯的麦加市计划到 2030 年接待 3000 万朝圣者，这使该市陷入了困境：朝圣者越多，城市固体废物就越多。目前的垃圾场卡基亚预计到 2020 年将填满；因此，需要找到一个新的垃圾填埋场。在 20 年内，麦加预计将产生 4400 万吨城市固体废物，这需要大约 750 米×5874000 平方米的垃圾填埋场容量。在这项研究中，应用了地理信息系统、层次分析法、垂直电测深和探地雷达来为麦加选择最佳的新垃圾填埋场。通过结合这些技术，有三个合适的场地位置：(39°36 ́38.45 ́ ́E: 21°18 ́26.46 ́ ́N)、(39°37 ́54.07 ́ ́E: 21°19 ́35.25 ́ ́N)和(39°44 ́04.45 ́ ́E: 21°13 ́08.93 ́ ́N)。这些场地的地下水位深度相当大，达到 12 米。因此，麦加市应该利用这些发现建立一个卫生垃圾填埋场。
