Pernezny Ken, Nagata Russell, Raid Richard N, Collins Janice, Carroll Amanda
University of Florida, IFAS, Everglades Research and Education Center, P.O. Box 8003, Belle Glade, FL 33430.
Plant Dis. 2002 Feb;86(2):151-155. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.2.151.
Chemical seed treatments were evaluated for efficacy of disinfestation of lettuce seed that had been inoculated with Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians. Three concentrations of each chemical were evaluated by treating seed lots for 5 or 15 min. In addition, the effects of each seed treatment on seed germination and early plant growth were examined by observing seed germination rates. Bacteria were not detected when seed were treated with 3 or 5% hydrogen peroxide for 5 or 15 min. Treatment of seed with 0.52% sodium hypochlorite was relatively ineffective at 5 and 15 min. When sodium hypochlorite was used at a 1% concentration for 15 min, the level of bacterial infestation was reduced to 2%. Suspensions of copper hydroxide plus mancozeb also reduced seedborne inoculum to ≤2%. Treatment of seed with copper hydroxide alone, benzoyl peroxide, or calcium peroxide did not reduce seed infestation levels significantly. Seed germination rates were 90% or greater for the majority of seed treatments tested in laboratory assays. Hydrogen peroxide treatments at a concentration of 5% reduced seed germination up to 28% compared with controls. However, no significant differences in germination were observed among control treatments (noninoculated, nontreated seed and inoculated, nontreated seed) and any of the chemical seed treatments when seed were sown in a pasteurized soil mix in the greenhouse.
对化学种子处理方法进行了评估，以确定其对已接种野油菜黄单胞菌生菜种子的除虫效果。通过对种子批次进行5分钟或15分钟的处理，评估了每种化学药剂的三种浓度。此外，通过观察种子发芽率，研究了每种种子处理对种子发芽和早期植株生长的影响。当种子用3%或5%的过氧化氢处理5分钟或15分钟时，未检测到细菌。用0.52%的次氯酸钠处理种子5分钟和15分钟时，效果相对较差。当次氯酸钠以1%的浓度使用15分钟时，细菌感染水平降至2%。氢氧化铜加代森锰锌悬浮液也将种子携带的接种体减少到≤2%。单独用氢氧化铜、过氧化苯甲酰或过氧化钙处理种子，并未显著降低种子感染水平。在实验室试验中，大多数测试的种子处理的种子发芽率为90%或更高。与对照相比，5%浓度的过氧化氢处理使种子发芽率降低了28%。然而，当种子播种在温室中经过巴氏消毒的土壤混合物中时，对照处理（未接种、未处理的种子和接种、未处理的种子）与任何化学种子处理之间在发芽方面均未观察到显著差异。
