Hernández J R, Romero M Yasem de, Díaz C G, Ramallo J C
USDA-ARS Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705.
Cátedra de Fitopatología, Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.
Plant Dis. 2002 Feb;86(2):187. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.2.187B.
Corn (Zea mays L.) is an important crop in northwest Argentina but acreage has declined over the last several years due to disease problems. During the 2000 to 2001 growing season, leaf diseases were observed on corn growing in northeastern Tucumán Province (Departamiento Leales), which resulted in yield losses. One of the most prevalent diseases was caused by a rust fungus that produced both uredinial and telial stages. At the time of flowering 32% of the leaf area was infected, and 3 weeks later 69% was infected. Three rust fungi are known from corn (2), and this fungus was identified as Puccinia polysora Underw. based on the morphology of the two types of sori and spores (1). Although known from most tropical and subtropical regions, to our knowledge, this is the first report of P. polysora in Argentina (voucher BPI 841342). Tucumán Province, where the disease was observed, is a subtropical region with temperatures during the growing season >24°C and a relative humidity >90%. P. polysora has not been observed in the Pampas Humedas, the corn belt of Argentina, possibly because the area is more temperate than northwest Argentina and therefore the environment is not conducive to disease development or perhaps P. polysora has not been introduced into the region. References: (1) G. B. Cummins. The Rust Fungi of Cereals, Grasses and Bamboos. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1971. (2) J. K. Pataky. Rusts. Pages 35-38 in: Compendium of Corn Diseases, 3rd ed. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1999.
玉米（Zea mays L.）是阿根廷西北部的一种重要作物，但由于病害问题，在过去几年种植面积有所下降。在2000至2001年生长季，图库曼省东北部（莱亚莱斯县）种植的玉米上发现了叶部病害，导致产量损失。最普遍的病害之一是由一种锈菌引起的，该锈菌可产生夏孢子堆和冬孢子堆阶段。在开花期，32%的叶面积受到感染，3周后，69%的叶面积受到感染。已知玉米上有三种锈菌（2），根据两种类型的孢子堆和孢子的形态，这种锈菌被鉴定为多堆柄锈菌（Puccinia polysora Underw.）（1）。虽然在大多数热带和亚热带地区都有发现，但据我们所知，这是多堆柄锈菌在阿根廷的首次报道（凭证BPI 841342）。观察到该病的图库曼省是一个亚热带地区，生长季温度>24°C，相对湿度>90%。在阿根廷的玉米种植带潘帕斯湿地（Pampas Humedas）未观察到多堆柄锈菌，可能是因为该地区比阿根廷西北部气候更温和，因此环境不利于病害发展，或者多堆柄锈菌尚未传入该地区。参考文献：（1）G. B. 康明斯。《谷物、禾本科植物和竹子的锈菌》。施普林格出版社，纽约，1971年。（2）J. K. 帕塔基。锈病。载于：《玉米病害简编》第3版，第35 - pp. 38页。美国植物病理学会，明尼苏达州圣保罗，1999年。
