State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China.
Environ Pollut. 2019 Apr;247:1125-1133. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.056. Epub 2019 Jan 21.
Fine particulate matter (PM) pollution in Eastern China (EC) has raised concerns due to its adverse effects on air quality, climate, and human health. This study investigated the long-term variation trend in satellite-derived PM concentrations and how it was related to pollutant emissions and meteorological parameters over EC and seven regions of interest (ROIs) during 1998-2016. Over EC, the annual mean PM increased before 2006 due to the enhanced emissions of primary PM, NO and SO, but decreased with the reduced SO emissions after 2006 evidently in response to China's clean air policies. In addition, results from statistical analyses indicated that in the North China Plain (NCP), Northeast China (NEC), Sichuan Basin (SCB) and Central China (CC) planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) was the dominant meteorological driver for the PM decadal changes, and in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) wind speed is the leading factor. Overall, the variation in meteorological parameters accounted for 48% of the variances in PM concentrations over EC. The population-weighted PM over EC increased from 36.4 μg/m in 1998-2004 (P1) to 49.4 μg/m in 2005-2010 (P2) then decreased to 46.5 μg/m in 2011-2016 (P3). In the NCP and NEC, the percentages of the population living above the World Health Organization (WHO) Interim Target-1 (IT-1, 35 μg/m) have risen steadily over the past 20 yr, reaching maxima of 97.3% and 78.8% in P3, respectively, but decreases of ∼30% from P2 to P3 were found for the SCB and PRD.
中国东部（EC）的细颗粒物（PM）污染引起了人们的关注，因为它对空气质量、气候和人类健康有不利影响。本研究调查了 1998-2016 年期间卫星衍生 PM 浓度的长期变化趋势，以及其与 EC 和七个关注区域（ROI）的污染物排放和气象参数之间的关系。在 EC 地区，由于一次 PM、NO 和 SO 排放的增加，年平均 PM 在 2006 年之前增加，但在 2006 年之后由于中国清洁空气政策的实施，SO 排放减少，PM 明显减少。此外，统计分析结果表明，在华北平原（NCP）、东北（NEC）、四川盆地（SCB）和华中（CC），行星边界层高度（PBLH）是 PM 年代际变化的主要气象驱动因素，而在珠江三角洲（PRD），风速是主要因素。总体而言，气象参数的变化解释了 EC 地区 PM 浓度变化的 48%。EC 地区的人口加权 PM 浓度从 1998-2004 年（P1）的 36.4μg/m增加到 2005-2010 年（P2）的 49.4μg/m，然后在 2011-2016 年（P3）下降到 46.5μg/m。在 NCP 和 NEC，过去 20 年，生活在世界卫生组织（WHO）临时目标-1（IT-1，35μg/m）之上的人口比例稳步上升，在 P3 中分别达到 97.3%和 78.8%的最大值，但在 SCB 和 PRD 中，从 P2 到 P3 的下降幅度约为 30%。
