Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Acad. Pavlov St., 12, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia.
Department of Fundamental Medicine and Medical Technology, St.Petersburg State University, 8 liter A, 21st Line V.O., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
Nutrients. 2019 Feb 28;11(3):524. doi: 10.3390/nu11030524.
The prevalence and incidence of metabolic syndrome is reaching pandemic proportions worldwide, thus warranting an intensive search for novel preventive and treatment strategies. Recent studies have identified a number of soluble factors secreted by adipocytes and myocytes (adipo-/myokines), which link sedentary life style, abdominal obesity, and impairments in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. In this review, we discuss the metabolic roles of the recently discovered myokine β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), which is produced by skeletal muscle during physical activity. In addition to physical activity, the circulating levels of BAIBA are controlled by the mitochondrial enzyme alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 (AGXT2), which is primarily expressed in the liver and kidneys. Recent studies have shown that BAIBA can protect from diet-induced obesity in animal models. It induces transition of white adipose tissue to a "beige" phenotype, which induces fatty acids oxidation and increases insulin sensitivity. While the exact mechanisms of BAIBA-induced metabolic effects are still not well understood, we discuss some of the proposed pathways. The reviewed data provide new insights into the connection between physical activity and energy metabolism and suggest that BAIBA might be a potential novel drug for treatment of the metabolic syndrome and its cardiovascular complications.
代谢综合征的患病率和发病率在全球范围内呈流行趋势，因此需要寻找新的预防和治疗策略。最近的研究已经确定了许多由脂肪细胞和肌细胞分泌的可溶性因子（脂肪/肌因子），这些因子与久坐的生活方式、腹部肥胖以及碳水化合物和脂质代谢受损有关。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了最近发现的肌因子β-氨基异丁酸（BAIBA）的代谢作用，BAIBA 是在体力活动过程中由骨骼肌产生的。除了体力活动之外，BAIBA 的循环水平还受到线粒体酶丙氨酸：乙醛酸氨基转移酶 2（AGXT2）的控制，AGXT2 主要在肝脏和肾脏中表达。最近的研究表明，BAIBA 可以在动物模型中预防饮食诱导的肥胖。它诱导白色脂肪组织向“米色”表型转化，从而诱导脂肪酸氧化并增加胰岛素敏感性。虽然 BAIBA 诱导代谢效应的确切机制尚不完全清楚，但我们讨论了一些提出的途径。综述数据提供了关于体力活动与能量代谢之间联系的新见解，并表明 BAIBA 可能是治疗代谢综合征及其心血管并发症的潜在新型药物。
