Breast Cancer Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Arturo Soria 270, 280339, Madrid, Spain.
Biochemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols' (CSIC-UAM), IdiPaz, & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
Breast Cancer Res. 2019 Mar 1;21(1):35. doi: 10.1186/s13058-019-1124-1.
Breast cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death among women. Advances in our understanding of the disease have translated into better diagnostics and more effective therapeutics, leading to earlier detection and improved outcomes. Several studies have pointed at lifestyle and environmental factors as contributory for the onset and progression of the disease. Obesity and cholesterol stand out for their potential causal relationship with breast cancer and ease of modification.
Obesity and cholesterol represent risk factors for breast cancer, but their impact is largely affected by cofounding variables including menopausal status, disease subtype, and inflammation. Establishing a causal relationship between lifestyle factors and clinical outcomes may be challenging. Epidemiological studies and meta-analyses have rendered conflicting or sometimes contradictory results, possibly owing to the multifactorial nature of the disease. We discuss the supporting evidence and limitations in our understanding of obesity and cholesterol as risk factors for breast cancer.
There is sufficient evidence that obesity and cholesterol impact clinical outcomes. Physicians are advised to take steps to help patients with their weight, such as recommending dietary and lifestyle interventions.
乳腺癌是女性癌症相关死亡的第二大常见原因。我们对该疾病的认识的进步已经转化为更好的诊断和更有效的治疗方法，从而实现了更早的检测和更好的结果。有几项研究指出，生活方式和环境因素是导致疾病发生和进展的因素。肥胖和胆固醇因其与乳腺癌的潜在因果关系以及易于改变而引人注目。
肥胖和胆固醇是乳腺癌的危险因素，但它们的影响在很大程度上受到混杂变量的影响，包括绝经状态、疾病亚型和炎症。在生活方式因素与临床结果之间建立因果关系可能具有挑战性。流行病学研究和荟萃分析得出的结果相互矛盾，有时甚至相互矛盾，这可能是由于该疾病的多因素性质所致。我们讨论了肥胖和胆固醇作为乳腺癌危险因素的支持证据和理解上的局限性。
有足够的证据表明肥胖和胆固醇会影响临床结果。建议医生采取措施帮助患者控制体重，例如推荐饮食和生活方式干预。
