Meurs K M, Adin D, O'Donnell K, Keene B W, Atkins C E, DeFrancesco T, Tou S
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
Vet J. 2019 Feb;244:94-97. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.12.019. Epub 2018 Dec 19.
Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common cardiovascular disease in the dog. The natural history of the disease is wide ranging and includes patients without clinical signs as well as those with significant clinical consequences from cardiac arrhythmias, pulmonary hypertension and/or congestive heart failure. The factors that determine which dogs remain asymptomatic and which develop clinical disease are not known. Disease characteristics could be breed or family related; some breeds of dogs, particularly the Cavalier King Charles spaniels, develop MMVD at an early age. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively characterize MMVD in the miniature poodle, a commonly affected breed in which MMVD has not been well characterized. Thirty-two miniature poodles met the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 11±three years. Clinical signs included exercise intolerance, syncope and coughing. Eighteen dogs were classified as ACVIM Stage B1, 12 as stage B2, and two as stage C. Mean vertebral heart scale (VHS) was 10.2 (±standard deviation of 0.9); 15 of 28 dogs had a VHS <10.3. One dog had radiographic evidence of congestive heart failure. Mean diastolic left ventricle dimension normalized to body weight was 1.6 (±0.4) and mean systolic was 0.8 (±0.3). Mitral valve prolapse was subjectively classified as mild or moderate in 19 dogs and severe in two. In the miniature poodles reported here, MMVD appears to be a fairly late onset disease and often is a mild phenotype.
黏液瘤样二尖瓣疾病（MMVD）是犬类最常见的心血管疾病。该疾病的自然病程差异很大，包括没有临床症状的犬只，以及因心律失常、肺动脉高压和/或充血性心力衰竭而出现严重临床后果的犬只。目前尚不清楚哪些犬只仍无症状，哪些会发展为临床疾病。疾病特征可能与品种或家族有关；某些犬种，特别是查理士王小猎犬，在幼年时就会患上MMVD。本研究的目的是回顾性地描述迷你贵宾犬的MMVD特征，迷你贵宾犬是一种常见的患病品种，此前对其MMVD的特征描述并不充分。32只迷你贵宾犬符合纳入标准。平均年龄为11±3岁。临床症状包括运动不耐受、晕厥和咳嗽。18只犬被分类为ACVIM B1期，12只为B2期，2只为C期。平均脊椎心脏指数（VHS）为10.2（±标准差0.9）；28只犬中有15只VHS<10.3。1只犬有充血性心力衰竭的影像学证据。以体重标准化后的平均舒张期左心室尺寸为1.6（±0.4），平均收缩期为0.8（±0.3）。主观上将二尖瓣脱垂分为轻度或中度的犬有19只，重度的有2只。在本文报道的迷你贵宾犬中，MMVD似乎是一种发病较晚且通常为轻度表型的疾病。
