Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw, University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Building 37, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Building 37, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
Planta. 2019 Jun;249(6):1761-1778. doi: 10.1007/s00425-019-03123-4. Epub 2019 Mar 2.
Results provide significant comparison of leaf anatomy, pigment content, antioxidant response and phenolic profile between individuals from miscellaneous populations and describe unified cultivation protocols for further research on stress biology. The plant communities growing on heavy metal-polluted areas have attracted considerable attention due to their unique ability to tolerate enormous amounts of toxic ions. Three ecotypes of Silene vulgaris representing calamine (CAL), serpentine (SER) and non-metallicolous (NM) populations were evaluated to reveal specific adaptation traits to harsh environment. CAL leaves presented a distinct anatomical pattern compared to leaves of SER and NM plants, pointing to their xeromorphic adaptation. These differences were accompanied by divergent accumulation and composition of photosynthetic pigments as well as antioxidant enzyme activity. In CAL ecotype, the mechanism of reactive oxygen species scavenging is based on the joint action of superoxide dismutase and catalase, but in SER ecotype on superoxide dismutase and guaiacol-type peroxidase. On the contrary, the concentration of phenylpropanoids and flavonols in the ecotypes was unchanged, implying the existence of similar pathways of their synthesis/degradation functioning in CAL and SER populations. The tested specimens showed genetic variation (atpA/MspI marker). Based on diversification of S. vulgaris populations, we focused on the elaboration of similar in vitro conditions for synchronous cultivation of various ecotypes. The most balanced shoot culture growth was obtained on MS medium containing 0.1 mg l NAA and 0.25 mg l BA, while the most abundant callogenesis was observed on MS medium enriched with 0.5 mg l NAA and 5.0 mg l BA. For the first time, unified in vitro protocols were described for metallophytes providing the opportunity to conduct basic and applied research on stress biology and tolerance mechanisms under freely controlled conditions.
结果提供了来自不同种群的叶片解剖结构、色素含量、抗氧化响应和酚类谱之间的显著比较，并描述了统一的培养方案，以进一步研究胁迫生物学。生长在重金属污染地区的植物群落由于其耐受大量有毒离子的独特能力而引起了相当大的关注。评估了三种代表钙镁矿（CAL）、蛇纹石（SER）和非金属矿（NM）种群的普通矢车菊生态型，以揭示其对恶劣环境的特定适应特征。与 SER 和 NM 植物的叶片相比，CAL 叶片呈现出明显的解剖结构模式，表明其具有旱生适应特征。这些差异伴随着光合色素的积累和组成以及抗氧化酶活性的差异。在 CAL 生态型中，活性氧清除的机制基于超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的联合作用，但在 SER 生态型中则基于超氧化物歧化酶和愈创木酚型过氧化物酶。相反，各生态型中苯丙烷类和类黄酮的浓度保持不变，这表明在 CAL 和 SER 种群中存在类似的合成/降解途径。测试标本显示出遗传变异（atpA/MspI 标记）。基于普通矢车菊种群的多样化，我们专注于制定类似的体外条件，以同步培养各种生态型。在含有 0.1mg l NAA 和 0.25mg l BA 的 MS 培养基上获得了最平衡的茎培养生长，而在含有 0.5mg l NAA 和 5.0mg l BA 的 MS 培养基上观察到了最丰富的愈伤组织发生。首次为金属植物描述了统一的体外方案，为在自由控制条件下进行胁迫生物学和耐受机制的基础和应用研究提供了机会。
