Department of Public Health, University of Otago Wellington, New Zealand.
A Better Start National Science Challenge, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Aust N Z J Public Health. 2019 Apr;43(2):176-181. doi: 10.1111/1753-6405.12881. Epub 2019 Mar 4.
To assess community-level differences in four-year-old obesity prevalence in New Zealand (NZ), trends over time, and the extent to which differences can be explained by ethnicity, deprivation and urbanicity.
Obesity measures from the Ministry of Health's B4 School Check were available for 72-92% of NZ four-year-olds for fiscal years 2010/11-2015/16. Ethnicity, deprivation and urbanicity data for the 78 communities were obtained by linking to administrative records. Growth models were used to examine variability in obesity levels and trends over time, and the extent to which ethnicity, deprivation and urbanicity contributed to differences between communities.
There were large variations in obesity across communities (range 8.4% to 28.8%). A decline in the prevalence of childhood obesity was observed in most (48 of 78) communities from 2010/11 to 2015/16 (average change=0.2%, range=-2.0% to 1.9%). Around 50% of the variance in obesity between territorial authorities could be explained by differences in socioeconomic deprivation and ethnic composition.
Child obesity varies between NZ communities, but most territorial authorities have experienced a decrease in obesity over the period 2010/11-2015/16. Implications for public health: Addressing deprivation and ethnic inequalities in obesity could substantially reduce community-level differences in obesity in NZ.
评估新西兰（NZ）四岁儿童肥胖患病率在社区层面上的差异、随时间的变化趋势，以及种族、贫困和城市化程度差异的解释程度。
利用卫生部 B4 学校检查的肥胖数据，对 2010/11 财年至 2015/16 财年的 NZ 4 岁儿童进行了 72%-92%的调查。通过与行政记录相链接，获取了 78 个社区的种族、贫困和城市化数据。使用增长模型来检查肥胖水平和随时间变化的可变性，以及种族、贫困和城市化程度对社区之间差异的贡献程度。
社区之间肥胖情况存在很大差异（范围为 8.4%至 28.8%）。从 2010/11 年到 2015/16 年，大多数（78 个社区中的 48 个）社区的儿童肥胖患病率呈下降趋势（平均变化=0.2%，范围为-2.0%至 1.9%）。约 50%的肥胖差异可以通过社会经济贫困和种族构成的差异来解释。
新西兰社区之间儿童肥胖情况存在差异，但在 2010/11 年至 2015/16 年期间，大多数地方行政区的肥胖率都有所下降。对公共卫生的启示：解决肥胖的贫困和种族不平等问题，可以大大减少新西兰社区层面肥胖的差异。
