Environmental Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
Environmental Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
Chemosphere. 2019 Jun;224:407-416. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.153. Epub 2019 Feb 25.
An open-system combustion chamber was designed and constructed for simulation of burning of various biomass types to estimate emission factors of pollutant gases, fine particulate matters and their composition to find out significant tracers. Rice straw (RS), maize residues (MR) and forest leaf litters (FLL) from mixed deciduous forest (MDF) and dry dipterocarp forest (DDF) were collected from various places in Northern Thailand based on land-use types. Approximately 1 kg of air-dried biomass sample was burned in the chamber, PM were collected. CO dominated during the flaming state while CO is predominant in the smoldering state. The highest EF was obtained from MDF burning (4.38 ± 2.99 g kg), while the lowest value was from MR burning (2.15 ± 0.95 g kg). Among water soluble ions, K (biomass burning (BB) tracer) was the most abundant species in PM followed by Cl and SO. The average EF from the burning of agricultural biomass was significantly higher than the burning of FLL. Scatter plot of K/SO versus K/Cl can be used to distinguish between agricultural crop residues and FLL burning. Levoglucosan (BB tracer) was a dominant species among anhydrosugars and also a major component found in FLL burning. The ratios of levoglucosan/K and levoglucosan/mannosan obtained from forest and agricultural waste burnings were significantly different, therefore they can be used for BB source identification.
设计并建造了一个开放式燃烧室，用于模拟各种生物质的燃烧，以估算污染物气体、细颗粒物及其成分的排放因子，找出重要示踪物。根据土地利用类型，从泰国北部的不同地方收集了来自混合落叶林（MDF）和干双翅目林（DDF）的稻秸（RS）、玉米残茬（MR）和森林凋落物（FLL）。在室内燃烧约 1kg 风干生物质样品，收集 PM。在燃烧的火焰状态下 CO 占主导地位，而在闷烧状态下 CO 占主导地位。MDF 燃烧的 EF 值最高（4.38±2.99g kg），而 MR 燃烧的 EF 值最低（2.15±0.95g kg）。在水溶性离子中，K（生物质燃烧（BB）示踪物）是 PM 中最丰富的物质，其次是 Cl 和 SO。农业生物质燃烧的 EF 平均值明显高于 FLL 燃烧。K/SO 与 K/Cl 的散点图可用于区分农业作物残余物和 FLL 燃烧。左旋葡聚糖（BB 示踪物）是无水糖中的主要物质，也是 FLL 燃烧的主要成分之一。从森林和农业废物燃烧中获得的左旋葡聚糖/K 和左旋葡聚糖/甘露聚糖比值明显不同，因此可用于 BB 源识别。
