Subrahmanyam P
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), P.O. Box 1096, Lilongwe, Malawi.
Plant Dis. 2001 Apr;85(4):442. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.4.442C.
Alectra vogelii Benth. (Family: Scrophulariaceae) is a vascular hemiparasite of various leguminous crops in Africa, including peanut (Arachis hypogaea), bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), soybean (Glycine max), and mung bean (Vigna radiata) (1). It is a common parasite of peanut in Angola, Burkina Faso, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Swaziland, Zambia, and Zimbabwe (2). During April and May 2000, A. vogelii was observed parasitizing several wild Arachis species in a field at the Chitedze Agricultural Research Station near Lilongwe, Malawi. These species were part of a germ plasm enhancement program that included A. appressipila (ICRISAT Groundnut Accession number [ICG] 8127), A. batizocoi (ICG 8124), A. benensis (ICG 13215), A. cardenasii (ICG 13164 and 13166), A. correntina (ICG 8918), A. duranensis (ICG 13200), A. helodes (ICG 8955 and 14917), A. hoehnei (ICG 13228), A. magna (ICG 8960), A. pintoi (ICG 13222 and 14914), A. stenosperma (ICG 13172 and 13223), and A. valida (ICG 13230). In addition, A. vogelii was observed on four unidentified Arachis species (ICG 13231, 14875, 14888, and 14907). Parasitized plants were less vigorous and connections between A. vogelii and host plants could be observed by carefully removing the soil in the root zone. Mature A. vogelii plants were 0.3 to 0.5 m and had multiple stems branching at the base. Subsoil plant parts were a deep orange color. Flowers were prominent lemon yellow with horseshoe-shaped stigmata and leaves were light green. This is the first report of A. vogelii parasitizing wild Arachis species. References: (1) C. Parker. Crop Prot. 10:6-22, 1991. (2) P. Subrahmanyam. 1997. Parasitic flowering plants. Pages 70-71 in: Compendium of Peanut Diseases, 2 Ed. N. Kokalis-Burelle, D. M. Porter, R. Rodriguez-Kabana, D. H. Smith, and P. Subrahmanyam, eds. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
伏生离瓣寄生（Alectra vogelii Benth.，玄参科）是非洲多种豆科作物的维管束半寄生植物，这些作物包括花生（Arachis hypogaea）、非洲豆（Vigna subterranea）、豇豆（Vigna unguiculata）、菜豆（Phaseolus vulgaris）、大豆（Glycine max）和绿豆（Vigna radiata）（1）。在安哥拉、布基纳法索、马拉维、莫桑比克、尼日利亚、斯威士兰、赞比亚和津巴布韦，它是花生的常见寄生植物（2）。2000年4月和5月期间，在马拉维利隆圭附近的奇泰泽农业研究站的一块田地里，观察到伏生离瓣寄生寄生在几种野生花生属物种上。这些物种是种质增强计划的一部分，该计划包括紧贴花生（A. appressipila，国际半干旱热带作物研究所花生种质编号[ICG]8127）、巴西花生（A. batizocoi，ICG 8124）、贝宁花生（A. benensis，ICG 13215）、卡氏花生（A. cardenasii，ICG 13164和13166）、科伦蒂纳花生（A. correntina，ICG 8918）、杜兰花生（A. duranensis，ICG 13200）、赫洛德斯花生（A. helodes，ICG 8955和14917）、赫内花生（A. hoehnei，ICG 13228）、马格纳花生（A. magna，ICG 8960）、平托花生（A. pintoi，ICG 13222和14914）、窄籽花生（A. stenosperma，ICG 13172和13223）以及瓦利达花生（A. valida，ICG 13230）。此外，在4种未鉴定的花生属物种（ICG 13231、14875、14888和14907）上也观察到了伏生离瓣寄生。受寄生的植株生长势较弱，小心去除根区土壤后，可以观察到伏生离瓣寄生与寄主植物之间的连接。成熟的伏生离瓣寄生植株高0.3至0.5米，基部有多个分枝。地下部分呈深橙色。花为醒目的柠檬黄色，柱头呈马蹄形，叶子为浅绿色。这是伏生离瓣寄生寄生野生花生属物种的首次报道。参考文献：（1）C. Parker。作物保护10：6 - 22，1991。（2）P. Subrahmanyam。1997。寄生开花植物。载于：《花生病害汇编》第2版，N. Kokalis - Burelle、D. M. Porter、R. Rodriguez - Kabana、D. H. Smith和P. Subrahmanyam编。美国植物病理学会，明尼苏达州圣保罗。
