Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room B2L312, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room B2L324B, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2019 Apr;33(2):199-214. doi: 10.1016/j.hoc.2018.12.001. Epub 2019 Jan 28.
Cancer vaccines are a promising strategic approach within the rapidly growing field of immuno-oncology. Therapeutic cancer vaccines are distinct from prophylactic vaccines and vary by both target antigen and vaccine platform. There are currently 3 FDA-approved therapeutic cancer vaccines: intravesical BCG live, sipuleucel-T, and T-VEC. Prior clinical trials have shown that vaccines are generally well tolerated, exhibit unique kinetics, can target tumor neoantigens, and induce antigen cascade. Ongoing clinical trials seek to improve vaccine efficacy either by targeting novel antigens or by combining vaccines with standard-of-care therapies or other immune therapies.
癌症疫苗是免疫肿瘤学这一快速发展领域中很有前途的一种策略性方法。治疗性癌症疫苗有别于预防性疫苗，其区别不仅在于靶抗原，还在于疫苗平台。目前有 3 种 FDA 批准的治疗性癌症疫苗：膀胱内卡介苗活疫苗、前列腺酸性磷酸酶疫苗和 T-VEC。先前的临床试验表明，疫苗通常具有良好的耐受性，表现出独特的动力学特征，可以针对肿瘤新生抗原，并诱导抗原级联反应。正在进行的临床试验旨在通过靶向新型抗原或通过将疫苗与标准治疗或其他免疫疗法相结合来提高疫苗的疗效。
