Ji Kaihua, Wang Yan, Du Liqing, Xu Chang, Liu Yang, He Ningning, Wang Jinhan, Liu Qiang
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China.
Dose Response. 2019 Feb 26;17(1):1559325819833488. doi: 10.1177/1559325819833488. eCollection 2019 Jan-Mar.
Human are exposed to ionizing radiation from natural and artificial sources, which consequently poses a possible risk to human health. However, accumulating evidence indicates that the biological effects of low-dose radiation (LDR) are different from those of high-dose radiation (HDR). Low-dose radiation-induced hormesis has been extensively observed in different biological systems, including immunological and hematopoietic systems. Adaptive responses in response to LDR that can induce cellular resistance to genotoxic effects from subsequent exposure to HDR have also been described and researched. Bystander effects, another type of biological effect induced by LDR, have been shown to widely occur in many cell types. Furthermore, the influence of LDR-induced biological effects on certain diseases, such as cancer and diabetes, has also attracted the interest of researchers. Many studies have suggested that LDR has the potential antitumor and antidiabetic complications effects. In addition, the researches on whether LDR could induce stochastic effects were also debated. Studies on the biological effects of LDR in China started in 1970s and considerable progress has been made since. In the present article, we provide an overview of the research progress on the biological effects of LDR in China.
人类会接触到来自天然和人工源的电离辐射，这因此对人类健康构成了潜在风险。然而，越来越多的证据表明，低剂量辐射（LDR）的生物学效应与高剂量辐射（HDR）不同。低剂量辐射诱导的兴奋效应已在包括免疫和造血系统在内的不同生物系统中被广泛观察到。对低剂量辐射的适应性反应，即能够诱导细胞对随后高剂量辐射的遗传毒性效应产生抗性，也已得到描述和研究。旁观者效应是低剂量辐射诱导的另一种生物学效应，已证明在许多细胞类型中广泛存在。此外，低剂量辐射诱导的生物学效应对某些疾病，如癌症和糖尿病的影响，也引起了研究人员的兴趣。许多研究表明，低剂量辐射具有潜在的抗肿瘤和抗糖尿病并发症作用。此外，关于低剂量辐射是否会诱发随机效应的研究也存在争议。中国对低剂量辐射生物学效应的研究始于20世纪70年代，此后取得了相当大的进展。在本文中，我们概述了中国低剂量辐射生物学效应的研究进展。
