University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Am J Community Psychol. 2019 Jun;63(3-4):355-365. doi: 10.1002/ajcp.12314. Epub 2019 Mar 4.
In the United States, the demand for child mental health services is increasing, while the supply is limited by workforce shortages. These shortages are unlikely to be corrected without significant structural changes in how mental health services are provided. One strategy for bridging this gap is task-shifting, defined as a process by which services that are typically delivered by professionals are moved to individuals with less extensive qualifications or training. Although task-shifting can increase the size of the workforce, there are challenges related to training new workers. In this paper, we propose Just-In-Time Training (JITT) as one strategy for improving task-shifting efforts. We define JITT as on-demand training experiences that only include what is necessary, when it is necessary, to promote competent service delivery. We offer a proof of concept from our own work shifting counseling and academic support tasks from school mental health professionals to pre-baccalaureate mentors, citing lessons learned during our iterative process of JITT development. We conclude with a series of key considerations for scaling up the pairing of task-shifting and JITT, including expanding the science of JITT and anticipating how task-shifting and JITT would work within the context of dynamic mental health service systems.
在美国，儿童心理健康服务的需求正在增加，而劳动力短缺限制了供应。如果不在提供心理健康服务的方式上进行重大结构性改革，这些短缺不太可能得到纠正。弥合这一差距的策略之一是任务转移，定义为将通常由专业人员提供的服务转移到具有较少资格或培训的人员手中的过程。尽管任务转移可以增加劳动力规模，但与培训新工人相关的挑战。在本文中，我们提出了即时培训 (JITT) 作为改进任务转移工作的一种策略。我们将 JITT 定义为按需培训体验，仅包括在必要时提供必要的服务，以促进提供有能力的服务。我们从我们自己的工作中提供了一个概念验证，将咨询和学术支持任务从学校心理健康专业人员转移到本科前导师，引用了在我们的 JITT 开发迭代过程中获得的经验教训。我们最后提出了一系列关键考虑因素，用于扩大任务转移和 JITT 的配对，包括扩展 JITT 的科学，并预测任务转移和 JITT 将如何在动态心理健康服务系统的背景下发挥作用。
