Institute of Family Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany.
Medical Association of Schleswig-Holstein, Edmund-Christiani-Seminar, Bad Segeberg, Germany.
Health Soc Care Community. 2019 Jul;27(4):e323-e333. doi: 10.1111/hsc.12736. Epub 2019 Mar 4.
Shifting tasks from medical staff to non-medical staff is a common practice for promoting the efficient use of healthcare resources. The aim of this study was to develop and pilot test a questionnaire that evaluates practice assistants' attitudes towards task shifting and their perceptions of the challenges of task shifting (acronym: ACD questionnaire) and to assess the psychometric properties of the questionnaire. The development and pilot testing of the questionnaire occurred from March 2016 to March 2017 and was based on guided and cognitive interviews with practice assistants. Then, an online survey was conducted throughout Germany from June to August 2017 to determine the questionnaire's psychometric properties. A factorial analysis was conducted via principal component analysis, and reliability was assessed using Cronbach's α. The questionnaire included four themes: "working conditions and job satisfaction", "confidence to execute delegated tasks", "excessive demands associated with executing delegated tasks" and "relevance of task shifting for patient care". A total of 274 practice assistants with an average age of 38.2 years participated in the online survey. Each theme included components that showed good to very good reliability (Cronbach's α 0.64-0.91). The ACD questionnaire provides a way, for the first time, to evaluate delegable tasks, including practice assistants' attitudes towards task shifting and their perceptions of the challenges generated by these tasks. The questionnaire also indicates which components of practice assistants' professional training should be intensified.
将任务从医务人员转移到非医务人员是促进医疗资源有效利用的常见做法。本研究旨在开发和试点测试一种评估实践助理对任务转移的态度及其对任务转移挑战的看法的问卷（缩写：ACD 问卷），并评估问卷的心理测量特性。问卷的开发和试点测试于 2016 年 3 月至 2017 年 3 月进行，基于对实践助理的指导和认知访谈。然后，2017 年 6 月至 8 月在德国进行了在线调查，以确定问卷的心理测量特性。通过主成分分析进行因子分析，使用 Cronbach 的 α 评估可靠性。问卷包括四个主题：“工作条件和工作满意度”、“执行委托任务的信心”、“执行委托任务带来的过度需求”和“任务转移对患者护理的相关性”。共有 274 名平均年龄为 38.2 岁的实践助理参加了在线调查。每个主题都包含显示出良好到非常好的可靠性的组件（Cronbach 的 α 为 0.64-0.91）。ACD 问卷首次提供了一种评估可委托任务的方法，包括实践助理对任务转移的态度及其对这些任务带来的挑战的看法。问卷还指出了应加强实践助理专业培训的哪些部分。
