职场还是家庭？阿根廷家政工人的工作与健康

One's Workplace, Other's Home? Work and Health of Domestic Workers in Argentina.

机构信息

MunBaus, Av. Mariano Acosta 1254, AR.

Center for International Health LMU @ Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Ziemssenstr. 1, D-80336 Munich, DE.

出版信息

Ann Glob Health. 2018 Aug 31;84(3):450-458. doi: 10.29024/aogh.2311.

DOI:10.29024/aogh.2311

PMID:30835387

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6748280/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Domestic workers around the world work and eventually live in private homes where control of working conditions is difficult.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to compare working conditions and its impact on general and mental health in live-in and live-out domestic workers in Argentina.

METHODS

In a cross-sectional study, the Spanish version of the European Workings Condition Survey and an ad hoc questionnaire were applied to 201 domestic workers (response 94%). Twelve months' prevalence of verbal or physical workplace violence was assessed. Poor general health was defined by general health self-assessed as poor or fair. Symptoms of common mental disorders (CMD) were considered present if Goldberg's general health score was above 4. Data were analyzed using Chi square's test and logistic regression models.

FINDINGS

Live-in workers formed 66% of the participants. They were more likely to take care of the elderly, iron and cook than live-out workers. Workplace violence was reported by 17% of live-in and 24% of live-out workers (p = 0.25). Overall prevalence of poor general health was 23%; 53% reported CMD. After adjustment, violence remained a statistically significant predictor of poor general health (Odds Ratio 7.3; 95% Confidence Interval 2.8-19.1) and CMD (3.2; 1.1-9.3).

CONCLUSIONS

Working conditions of live-in and live-out domestic workers are different. However, exposure to workplace violence is common in both groups and affects general and mental health.

摘要

背景

世界各地的家庭佣工在私人家庭中工作并最终居住，在这些地方，工作条件的控制较为困难。

目的

本研究旨在比较阿根廷住家佣工和不住家佣工的工作条件及其对一般健康和心理健康的影响。

方法

采用欧洲工作条件调查的西班牙语版本和专门的问卷，对 201 名家庭佣工（应答率为 94%）进行了横断面研究。评估了 12 个月内言语或身体工作场所暴力的发生率。一般健康自评较差或一般定义为一般健康较差。如果 Goldberg 一般健康评分高于 4，则认为存在常见精神障碍（CMD）症状。使用卡方检验和逻辑回归模型分析数据。

结果

66%的参与者为住家佣工。与不住家佣工相比，他们更有可能照顾老年人、熨烫和做饭。17%的住家佣工和 24%的不住家佣工报告了工作场所暴力（p=0.25）。一般健康不良的总患病率为 23%；53%报告了 CMD。调整后，暴力仍然是一般健康不良（优势比 7.3；95%置信区间 2.8-19.1）和 CMD（3.2；1.1-9.3）的统计学显著预测因素。