Lichens exerts an anti-proliferative effect on human breast and lung cancer cells through induction of apoptosis.

Successful cancer treatment still requires new complexes or compounds from natural sources. Therefore, we investigated anti-growth/apoptotic effects of methanol extracts of the lichen species ( (Gleyn.) Hale, (A. Massal.) Jatta, (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw and (L.) Hoffm.) on human lung (A549, H1299) and breast (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) cancer cell lines. Anti-growth effects were monitored by the MTT and ATP viability assays. Cell death mode was evaluated by employing the fluorescence staining of nucleus, caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 detection, caspase 3/7 activity assay, Anneksin V cytofluorimetric assay and mitochondria membrane potential assay. Among the lichen extracts, exhibited strong anti-growth activity in a dose-dependent manner (1.56-100 µg/ml) compared to the others. was especially cytotoxic against MDA-MB-231 and H1299 cells (IC value for was found 3.0 and 10.2 μg/ml respectively). The cytotoxicity was resulted from apoptosis as proved by the presence of pyknotic nuclei, caspase 3/7 activity, phosphatidylserine translocation and loss of mitochondria membrane potential. In conclusion, warrants for further evaluation as a new alternative in cancer treatment.