Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Environmental Management, Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, 15-351, Poland.
Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, 20-093, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 18;14(1):28531. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-73599-y.
Xanthoparmelia conspersa is rich in specific secondary metabolites but an unexplored lichen species. This work determined the chemical composition and biological activities (anti-microbial, anti-protozoal, and cytotoxic) of its methanolic and hexane extracts. Additionally, we evaluated the potential of these extracts in modulating cancer signaling pathways in HeLa cells. The phytochemical analysis revealed that usnic acid was the predominant constituent in the hexane extract, while stictic acid was in the methanolic one. Among tested cell lines (VERO, FaDu, SCC-25, HeLa), cytotoxic selectivity was detected for X. conspersa hexane extract against the FaDu (SI 7.36) and HeLa (SI 2.19) cells. A noticeably better anti-microbial potential was found for hexane extract, however, the overall anti-microbial activity was relatively weak (28, 21, and 20% inhibition of Candida glabrata, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Escherichia coli, respectively). On the contrary, the anti-parasitic action of hexane extract was significant, with an IC value of 2.64 µg/mL against Leishmania donovani - amastigote and 7.18 µg/mL against Trypanosoma brucei. The detailed evaluation of the cancer-related signaling pathways in HeLa cells, done by two distinct methodologies (luciferase reporter tests), revealed that especially the hexane extract and usnic acid exhibited selective inhibition of Stat3, Smad, NF-κB, cMYC, and Notch pathways.
黄绒鳞衣是一种富含特定次生代谢产物但尚未被充分研究的地衣物种。本工作旨在确定其甲醇和正己烷提取物的化学成分和生物活性（抗微生物、抗原生动物和细胞毒性）。此外，我们评估了这些提取物在调节 HeLa 细胞中癌症信号通路方面的潜力。植物化学分析表明，正己烷提取物中主要成分为松萝酸，而甲醇提取物中则为石松酸。在所测试的细胞系（VERO、FaDu、SCC-25、HeLa）中，黄绒鳞衣正己烷提取物对 FaDu（SI 7.36）和 HeLa（SI 2.19）细胞表现出细胞毒性选择性。正己烷提取物表现出明显更好的抗微生物潜力，但总体抗微生物活性相对较弱（分别对光滑念珠菌、新生隐球菌和大肠杆菌的抑制率为 28%、21%和 20%）。相反，正己烷提取物的抗寄生虫作用显著，对利什曼原虫 - 无鞭毛体的 IC 值为 2.64µg/mL，对布氏锥虫的 IC 值为 7.18µg/mL。通过两种不同的方法学（荧光素酶报告试验）对 HeLa 细胞中与癌症相关的信号通路进行详细评估，结果表明，特别是正己烷提取物和松萝酸选择性地抑制了 Stat3、Smad、NF-κB、cMYC 和 Notch 通路。
