ONIRIS-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes, Equine Hospital, Nantes Cedex, France.
Clinique Vétérinaire des Faluns, Saint Grégoire, France.
Equine Vet J. 2019 Sep;51(5):653-657. doi: 10.1111/evj.13090. Epub 2019 Mar 28.
There are no data investigating the effect of systemic morphine on the size of the stomach or the food consumption in horses.
To evaluate gastrointestinal side effects of morphine administered systemically in healthy horses by the means of clinical and ultrasonographic evaluations.
In vivo experiment.
On day 1 of the experiment, six healthy French Trotter mares were evaluated clinically and an abdominal ultrasonography was performed three times 4 h apart to record the size of the stomach, the number of contractions per minute of the duodenum, jejunum, caecum, left and right ventral colons. On Day 2, morphine was administered three times 4 h apart at the dose of 0.1 mg/kg i.v. and the same ultrasonographic examinations performed. On Day 3, only clinical and ultrasonographic examinations were performed as on Day 1. Amounts of hay and water ingested, frequency and weight of faeces were recorded throughout the study.
Number of contractions of the duodenum, caecum, left and right ventral colons were significantly decreased after morphine administration. Size of the stomach was increased significantly with a cumulative effect of repeated doses of morphine. Hay (+0.4 kg/h, P<0.001) and water (+1.1 L/h, P<0.001) consumption were significantly increased.
The study was performed in healthy horses.
Systemic morphine administration causes gastrointestinal depression, gastric distention and hyperphagia in horses. Clinical and ultrasonographical examinations are valuable tools to identify side effects of morphine administration in horses. Further studies are needed to assess side effects and monitoring in clinically painful cases. Horses receiving systemic morphine administration should be closely monitored for signs of gastric distention and, specifically, the amount of food given while receiving treatment should be controlled to avoid complications.
目前尚无研究评估系统性给予吗啡对马的胃容量或食物摄入量的影响。
通过临床和超声评估，研究健康马给予系统性吗啡后的胃肠道副作用。
体内实验。
实验第 1 天，6 匹健康法国走马接受临床评估，并在 4 小时间隔的 3 个时间点进行腹部超声检查，以记录胃容量、十二指肠、空肠、盲肠、左右腹结肠的每分钟收缩次数。第 2 天，以 0.1mg/kg 的剂量静脉内给予吗啡，4 小时间隔 3 次，同时进行相同的超声检查。第 3 天，仅进行临床和超声检查，与第 1 天相同。整个研究过程中记录干草和水的摄入量、粪便的频率和重量。
给予吗啡后，十二指肠、盲肠、左右腹结肠的收缩次数明显减少。胃容量明显增加，且具有重复剂量累积效应。干草（+0.4kg/h，P<0.001）和水（+1.1L/h，P<0.001）的摄入量明显增加。
该研究在健康马中进行。
系统性给予吗啡会导致马的胃肠道抑制、胃胀和食欲亢进。临床和超声检查是识别马给予吗啡后副作用的有用工具。需要进一步研究以评估临床疼痛病例中的副作用和监测。接受系统性吗啡给药的马应密切监测胃胀迹象，特别是在接受治疗时应控制给予的食物量，以避免并发症。
