Branch R A, Jacqz E
Am J Med. 1986 Apr;80(4):659-64. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(86)90821-1.
The observation of neurotoxicity in a subject with long-term exposure to high levels of carbaryl has prompted the review of the potential for carbaryl to cause toxicity. Short-term studies in animal species and humans confirm that carbaryl can cause toxicity due to cholinesterase inhibition. Wide variations in the dosage required to induce toxicity in either different species or in one species by different routes of administration can in part be explained by differences in drug disposition. However, the information available about carbaryl's disposition in humans is inadequate to interpret the relevance of animal studies to humans. Limited long-term exposure studies in rats and dogs have not demonstrated unexpected adverse effects. However, long-term exposure in pigs results in a progressive neuromyopathy that is associated with structural damage and is not acutely reversible with atropine. Published information on the effects of long-term exposure to carbaryl in humans is limited and has not identified any adverse effects. It is concluded that not enough information is available to exclude the possibility that sustained high levels of exposure to carbaryl could be associated with neurotoxic or myotoxic responses in humans.
对一名长期暴露于高剂量西维因的受试者出现神经毒性的观察，促使人们对西维因产生毒性的可能性进行审查。在动物物种和人类中进行的短期研究证实，西维因可因抑制胆碱酯酶而导致毒性。不同物种或同一物种通过不同给药途径诱导毒性所需剂量的广泛差异，部分可由药物处置的差异来解释。然而，关于西维因在人体内处置情况的现有信息不足以解释动物研究与人类的相关性。在大鼠和狗身上进行的有限长期暴露研究未显示出意外的不良反应。然而，猪的长期暴露会导致进行性神经肌肉病，这与结构损伤有关，且不能用阿托品急性逆转。关于人类长期暴露于西维因影响的已发表信息有限，尚未发现任何不良反应。得出的结论是，没有足够的信息来排除持续高剂量暴露于西维因可能与人类神经毒性或肌毒性反应相关的可能性。
