Moreno Villares José Manuel, Collado María Carmen, Larqué Elvira, Leis Trabazo Rosaura, Saenz De Pipaón Miguel, Moreno Aznar Luis A
Clínica Universidad de Navarra.
Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científi cas (IATA-CSIC).
Nutr Hosp. 2019 Mar 7;36(1):218-232. doi: 10.20960/nh.02453.
Growth and development are determined by genetic and environmental factors since the very early embryonic life. Long-term health risks, as obesity and other non-communicable diseases (NCD), could be programmed since these early stages. Early life, characterized by plasticity, is the ideal time to intervene and to prevent the risk of suffering a NCD (window of opportunity). Optimal nutrition during the first 1,000 days, since conception to the end of the second year of life, has a determinant role for long-term health. Pregnancy, infancy and toddler periods have specific nutritional requirements. Intestinal microbiota enhances maturation and functioning of the immune system. The interactions between host and intestinal microbiota are potential factors influencing early programming of the intestinal function. Alterations in intestinal colonization are associated to a higher risk of allergic diseases in childhood. Scientific evidence supports the fact that the first 1,000 days are crucial to achieve a better long-term health and represents a strategic period to intervene under the perspective of prevention and public health.
从胚胎早期开始，生长和发育就由遗传和环境因素决定。肥胖和其他非传染性疾病（NCD）等长期健康风险可能在这些早期阶段就被设定。以可塑性为特征的生命早期是进行干预和预防非传染性疾病风险的理想时机（机会之窗）。从受孕到生命第二年结束的最初1000天内的最佳营养对长期健康具有决定性作用。怀孕、婴儿期和幼儿期有特定的营养需求。肠道微生物群可促进免疫系统的成熟和功能。宿主与肠道微生物群之间的相互作用是影响肠道功能早期编程的潜在因素。肠道定植的改变与儿童期患过敏性疾病的较高风险相关。科学证据支持这样一个事实，即最初的1000天对于实现更好的长期健康至关重要，并且从预防和公共卫生的角度来看，这是一个进行干预的战略时期。
