a Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University , Mount Pleasant , MI , USA.
J Psychoactive Drugs. 2019 Jul-Aug;51(3):210-217. doi: 10.1080/02791072.2019.1581961. Epub 2019 Mar 6.
During the 1950s and 1960s, there was a tremendous surge in research into the effects of psychedelic drugs. When discussing this period of research, the discovery of the psychoactive properties of LSD in 1943 is often presented as the main, and sometimes only, driving force of the boom in research. This "Great Person," or "Great Chemical," historiographical lens fails to acknowledge other factors that were fundamental in setting the stage for the research. In particular, other psychedelic drugs, such as mescaline, were already being probed for their uses in psychotherapy and as models for psychosis before the effects of LSD had been discovered. Psilocybin and other classical psychedelics had also been discovered by Western researchers around the same time as the synthesis of LSD. Additionally, many of the dominant zeitgeists (e.g., pharmacological, psychoanalytic, and humanistic) in psychology during this period were congruent with psychedelic research. This article argues that while the discovery of LSD may have been a catalyst for psychedelic research in the 1950s and '60s, there was a broader psychedelic zeitgeist that deserves acknowledgement for setting the stage.
在 20 世纪 50 年代和 60 年代，对迷幻药物影响的研究出现了巨大的增长。在讨论这一时期的研究时，人们常常将 LSD 于 1943 年被发现具有致幻特性视为研究热潮的主要推动力，有时甚至是唯一的推动力。这种“伟人”或“伟大化学物”的历史研究视角没有承认其他因素，而这些因素是为研究奠定基础的关键。特别是在 LSD 影响被发现之前，其他迷幻药物，如麦斯卡林，已经被用于精神疗法和精神错乱模型的研究。在 LSD 合成的同时，西方研究人员也发现了 psilocybin 和其他经典迷幻剂。此外，这一时期心理学中的许多主导思潮（药理学、精神分析学和人本主义等）与迷幻研究是一致的。本文认为，虽然 LSD 的发现可能是 20 世纪 50 年代和 60 年代迷幻研究的催化剂，但也有一个更广泛的迷幻思潮，值得承认，它为研究奠定了基础。
