Cassol H, D'Argembeau A, Charland-Verville V, Laureys S, Martial C
GIGA-Consciousness, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Coma Science Group, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Neurosci Conscious. 2019 Mar 1;2019(1):niz002. doi: 10.1093/nc/niz002. eCollection 2019.
Some people report memories of near-death experiences (NDEs) after facing situations of impending death and these memories appear to have significant consequences on their lives (here referred to as "real NDE experiencers"; real NDErs). We assessed to what extent NDE memories are considered self-defining: memories that help people to define clearly how they see themselves. We screened 71 participants using the Greyson NDE scale (48 real NDErs and 23 NDErs-like who had lived a similar experience in absence of a threat to their life). Participants described their two main self-defining memories (SDMs). For each SDM, they completed the Centrality of Event Scale (CES) to assess how central the event is to their identity. The two subgroups did not differ regarding the proportion of NDErs who recalled their NDE (30 real NDErs out of 48 and 11 NDErs-like out of 23). Real NDErs and NDErs-like who recalled their NDE ( = 41) reported richer experiences as assessed by the Greyson NDE scale. Furthermore, these participants rated their NDE memory as more central to their identity as compared to other SDMs, and the richness of the NDE memory was positively associated to its centrality (CES scores). Overall, these findings suggest that the self-defining aspect of the experience might be related to its phenomenological content rather than its circumstances of occurrence. The self-defining status of NDE memories confirms that they constitute an important part of NDErs' personal identity and highlights the importance for clinicians to facilitate their integration within the self.
一些人在面临濒死状况后报告了濒死体验（NDEs）的记忆，这些记忆似乎对他们的生活产生了重大影响（这里称为“真正的濒死体验者”；真正的NDE者）。我们评估了濒死体验记忆在多大程度上被视为自我定义性的：即有助于人们清晰界定自己如何看待自己的记忆。我们使用格雷森濒死体验量表对71名参与者进行了筛查（48名真正的濒死体验者和23名类似濒死体验者，后者在没有生命威胁的情况下经历了类似体验）。参与者描述了他们的两个主要自我定义性记忆（SDMs）。对于每个SDM，他们完成了事件中心性量表（CES），以评估该事件对其身份认同的核心程度。在回忆起濒死体验的濒死体验者比例方面，这两个亚组没有差异（48名真正的濒死体验者中有30名，23名类似濒死体验者中有11名）。根据格雷森濒死体验量表评估，回忆起濒死体验的真正濒死体验者和类似濒死体验者（n = 41）报告的体验更丰富。此外，与其他SDMs相比，这些参与者将他们的濒死体验记忆评为对其身份认同更核心，并且濒死体验记忆的丰富程度与其核心程度（CES分数）呈正相关。总体而言，这些发现表明，体验的自我定义方面可能与其现象学内容有关，而不是其发生的情况。濒死体验记忆的自我定义地位证实了它们构成了濒死体验者个人身份的重要部分，并强调了临床医生促进其融入自我的重要性。
