Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.
Grupo de Taxonomia de Flebotomíneos /Epidemiologia, Diagnóstico e Controle das leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou - Fiocruz Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2019 Mar 7;52:e20180474. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0474-2018.
Leishmaniasis is a complex vector-borne infectious diseases caused by protozoan parasites in the genus Leishmania and spread by hematophagous phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae). The aim of this study was to investigate the phlebotomine fauna, endophily and exophily of the species found, and possible influence of climatic factors on their populations.
The study was conducted in the Xakriabá Indigenous Reserve (XIR) in the municipality of São João das Missões in northern Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Insects were collected over three consecutive nights in the last week of each month for 12 months from July 2015 to May 2016 from four houses in four different villages. Two traps were set up in each house: one in the intra-domicile and another in the peri-domicile.
A total of 2,012 phlebotomine sand fly specimens representing 23 species and belonging to 10 different genera were captured and identified. Among the studied villages, Riacho do Brejo showed the highest density and diversity of phlebotomine sand flies. The species Lutzomyia longipalpis (80.3%) and Nyssomyia intermedia (7.3%), which are major vectors of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, respectively, had the highest population densities, both in the intra- and peri-domicile. No correlation was observed between climatic factors and the density of phlebotomine sand flies.
The results of the present study may contribute to a better understanding and targeting of the measures for preventing and controlling leishmaniasis by the authorities responsible for indigenous health.
利什曼病是一种由原生动物寄生虫属利什曼原虫引起的复杂的虫媒传染病，通过吸血的白蛉沙蝇（双翅目：鳞翅目，白蛉科）传播。本研究旨在调查所发现白蛉的种类、内生性和外生性，并研究气候因素对其种群的可能影响。
该研究在巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州圣若昂达斯米索斯市的 Xakriabá 原住民保留地（XIR）进行。从 2015 年 7 月到 2016 年 5 月，连续 12 个月，在每个月的最后一周，从四个村庄的四所房屋中，在每个房屋内和周围设置两个陷阱，连续三个晚上收集昆虫。
共捕获并鉴定了 2,012 只白蛉沙蝇标本，代表 23 种，属于 10 个不同属。在所研究的村庄中，Riacho do Brejo 的白蛉沙蝇密度和多样性最高。作为内脏利什曼病和皮肤利什曼病的主要传播媒介的长角白蛉（80.3%）和中间白蛉（7.3%）在内外环境中的种群密度最高。未观察到气候因素与白蛉沙蝇密度之间存在相关性。
本研究的结果可能有助于负责原住民健康的当局更好地了解和针对预防和控制利什曼病的措施。
