Oudemans Peter V
Rutgers University, Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension Center, Lake Oswego Road, Chatsworth, New Jersey 08019.
Plant Dis. 1999 Mar;83(3):251-258. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.1999.83.3.251.
A lupine baiting technique was used to detect the presence of Phytophthora spp. in several streams, irrigation reservoirs, and drainage canals used in cranberry cultivation. P. cinnamomi was found to be widely distributed throughout the study area in the southern New Jersey Pinelands, and was present both upstream and downstream of agricultural activities. A second species, identified as P. megasperma, was more restricted in its distribution and was never isolated from a water system that did not also contain P. cinnamomi. In a survey of commercial cranberry production, 80% of the acreage represented (approximately 37% of total New Jersey production area) was exposed to one or both Phytophthora spp. through application of infested water from irrigation reservoirs. Based on the widespread distribution of P. cinnamomi, it is likely that this pathogen was introduced many years prior to its discovery on cranberry in the 1980s, which corresponded to the adoption of overhead irrigation in the crop. There were slight differences between the two species in seasonal occurrence. The highest levels of P. cinnamomi were found during the summer months (July to August) whereas P. megasperma was highest during the spring (April to May) and fall (September to October) months.
采用羽扇豆诱饵技术检测蔓越莓种植区的多条溪流、灌溉水库和排水渠中疫霉属物种的存在情况。发现肉桂疫霉在新泽西州南部松林地区的整个研究区域广泛分布，且在农业活动的上游和下游均有出现。另一种被鉴定为大孢疫霉的物种分布范围较窄，从未在不含肉桂疫霉的水系统中分离出来。在一项对商业蔓越莓生产的调查中，所代表的种植面积的80%（约占新泽西州总生产面积的37%）通过使用来自灌溉水库的受感染水接触到一种或两种疫霉属物种。基于肉桂疫霉的广泛分布，这种病原体很可能在20世纪80年代在蔓越莓上被发现之前很多年就已传入，这与该作物采用喷灌相对应。这两个物种在季节性出现方面存在细微差异。肉桂疫霉的最高含量出现在夏季月份（7月至8月），而大孢疫霉在春季（4月至5月）和秋季（9月至10月）月份含量最高。
