First Report of Powdery Mildew on Cornus florida in Connecticut Caused by Microsphaera pulchra.

Powdery mildew of dogwood (Cornus florida L.) has been observed on landscape trees since 1992, and has been increasing in severity recently. In 1998, mildewed leaves (n = 100) were collected from each of four locations in Connecticut. White mildew colonies first appeared in the early summer, 4 to 6 weeks after leaf emergence, and the initial colonies rapidly coalesced to cover the entire adaxial leaf surface. Incidence on observed trees reached nearly 100%. Premature autumn coloration and defoliation occurred on those trees where incidence was highest; tree mortality due solely to powdery mildew was not observed. Cleistothecia were apparent on both adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces within 4 to 6 weeks of initial infection. Mycelium was white in color, and conidiophores were three-celled with a slightly bent foot cell. Fibrosin bodies were not present in conidia (n = 400), which measured 14.1 m ± 0.80 × 28.1 m ± 1.60 (mean + standard error of the mean). Cleistothecia measured 114.7 m ± 1.77 in diameter, and had 4 to 10 dichotomously branched appendages, which measured 140.7 m ± 3.95 in length (1.23× cleistothecial diameter). The fungus was identified as Microsphaera pulchra based on mycelial, conidial, and cleistothecial characteristics (1). In addition, cleistothecia were found on twigs and on fallen leaves of dogwood; these overwintering cleistothecia contained mature asci and mature ascospores in March 1999. Microsphaera penicillata recently was redescribed to include only that species causing powdery mildew on Alnus spp., and having appendages 1.5× cleistothecial diameter (2). The fungus causing powdery mildew in Connecticut previously had been reported to be M. penicillata, which was not found in the present study. References: (1) U. Braun. Nova Hedwigia 89:1, 1987. (2) U. Braun. The Powdery Mildews (Erysiphales) of Europe. Gustav Fischer, New York, 1995.