Buruchara R A, Pastor-Corrales M A, Scheidegger U
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), B. P. 259, Butare, Rwanda.
CIAT, A. A. 6713, Cali, Colombia.
Plant Dis. 1999 Apr;83(4):397. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.1999.83.4.397C.
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important source of dietary protein for poor resource families in Rwanda and the Kivu region of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). During the second season of 1990, symptoms consisting of chlorosis, premature defoliation, stunting, wilting, and vascular discoloration were observed for the first time on an improved popular climbing bean cultivar, G 2333, in the prefectures of Butare and Gikongoro, in southwest Rwanda. Between 1991 and 1994, surveys to determine disease occurrence were conducted in the two prefectures and in Kigali North, Gitarama, Cyangugu, and Kibuye in Rwanda, and in the south Kivu region of the DRC. Aseptic isolation from diseased plant samples yielded the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli. Pathogenicity tests on G 2333 seedlings by the root-dip inoculation method resulted in symptoms similar to those observed in the field, and recovery of the fungus, fulfilling Koch's postulate. Control seedlings gave no symptoms. Disease incidence was 44 and 53% in Butare and Gikongoro, respectively, during the first season of 1991 and 50 and 70% in the second season, while crop loss in some fields was as high as 100%. Between 1992 and 1994 the disease was also observed in the four other prefectures in Rwanda, and in south Kivu. Climbing bean cultivars Gisenyi-2-bis, G 865, Flora de Mayo, and Puebla 444 Criollo, and several bush local varietal mixtures grown where the disease occurred, were unaffected. CIAT bean Fusarium wilt differentials IPA 1, RIZ 30, A 211, Mortiño, Diacol Calima, BAT 477, HF 465-63-1, and Ecuador 650, and lines A 300 and XAN 112, were inoculated with three isolates (FOP-RW1, FOP-RW2, FOP-RW3) from Rwanda. Only IPA 1, RIZ 30, and A 211 were susceptible, indicating the isolates' likeness to the Brazilian race (1). This was the first report of Fusarium wilt disease on G 2333 in the two countries despite the cultivar having been grown for about 5 years. Reference: (1) R. L. D. Ribeiro and D. J. Hagedorn. Phytopathology 69:272, 1979.
菜豆（Phaseolus vulgaris L.）是卢旺达以及刚果民主共和国（DRC）基伍地区资源匮乏家庭膳食蛋白质的重要来源。1990年第二季，在卢旺达西南部的布塔雷省和吉孔戈罗省，首次在改良的流行攀缘菜豆品种G 2333上观察到由黄化、过早落叶、发育迟缓、萎蔫和维管束变色组成的症状。1991年至1994年期间，在这两个省份以及卢旺达的基加利北区、吉塔拉马省、尚古古省和基布耶省，以及刚果民主共和国的南基伍地区进行了病害发生情况调查。从患病植物样本中进行无菌分离得到了尖孢镰刀菌菜豆专化型（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli）。通过浸根接种法对G 2333幼苗进行致病性测试，结果出现了与田间观察到的症状相似的症状，并且分离出了该真菌，满足科赫法则。对照幼苗没有出现症状。1991年第一季，布塔雷省和吉孔戈罗省的发病率分别为44%和53%，第二季分别为50%和70%，而一些田地的作物损失高达100%。1992年至1994年期间，在卢旺达的其他四个省份以及南基伍地区也观察到了这种病害。病害发生地种植的攀缘菜豆品种吉塞尼-2-双（Gisenyi-2-bis）、G 865、弗洛拉·德·马约（Flora de Mayo）和普埃布拉444克里奥洛（Puebla 444 Criollo），以及几种当地灌木混合品种均未受影响。用来自卢旺达的三个分离株（FOP-RW1、FOP-RW2、FOP-RW3）接种国际热带农业中心（CIAT）菜豆镰刀菌枯萎病鉴别品种IPA 1、RIZ 30、A 211、莫蒂尼奥（Mortiño）、迪亚科尔·卡利马（Diacol Calima）、BAT 477、HF 465-63-1和厄瓜多尔650，以及品系A 300和XAN 112。只有IPA 1、RIZ 30和A 211易感，表明这些分离株与巴西小种（1）相似。尽管该品种已种植约5年，但这是这两个国家首次关于G 2333上镰刀菌枯萎病的报道。参考文献：（1）R. L. D. Ribeiro和D. J. Hagedorn。植物病理学69:272，1979年。
