Bahenský Petr, Malátová Renata, Bunc Václav
Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Education, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic -
Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Education, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2019 Aug;59(8):1369-1375. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.19.09483-0. Epub 2019 Mar 4.
The performance of the respiratory system during the exercise is limiting the final performance in endurance disciplines. The quality of breathing is linked to endurance performance, subject´s training state, intensity and duration of the physical load, the implementation of which, thus the economy of breathing, is possible to influence through a targeted breathing exercise. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of breathing intervention exercises on the effectiveness of breathing by monitoring value of tidal volume (VT) and breathing frequency (BF) during an endurance type load in adolescent endurance runners.
Thirty-seven 37 adolescent endurance runners were enrolled in this study. The girls were 16.79±1.51 years old, the boys were 16.5±1.8 years old. They are involved in endurance training for at least one year. Twenty-one probands took part in the intervention scheme; sixteen probands formed the control group. The study investigated the effect of two months and four months of breathing exercise intervention on tidal volume VT and BF.
The probands carried out breathing exercises, which took an average of 13.1±3.7 minutes per day over the first two months, and an average of 11.1±3.9 minutes per day over the next two months. The breathing economy was significantly changed as a result of respiratory exercise intervention. Already after 2 months of intervention there was a significant decrease of BF (by 5.92%) and a significant increase of VT (by 4.44%). After another 2 months, the changes were even more pronounced. In the 4 months of the intervention, the BF decreased by 11.47% and the VT increased by 10.96% in comparison to the original state. In the control group, there were no significant changes.
It was confirmed that the two-month breathing exercise intervention focused on the activation of the diaphragm is sufficient and resulted in significant changes of in VT and BF.
运动过程中呼吸系统的表现限制了耐力项目的最终成绩。呼吸质量与耐力表现、受试者的训练状态、体力负荷的强度和持续时间相关，通过有针对性的呼吸训练可以影响呼吸的实施过程，即呼吸经济性。本研究的目的是通过监测青少年耐力跑运动员在耐力型负荷期间的潮气量（VT）和呼吸频率（BF）值，评估呼吸干预训练对呼吸有效性的影响。
37名青少年耐力跑运动员参与了本研究。女孩年龄为16.79±1.51岁，男孩年龄为16.5±1.8岁。他们至少参与了一年的耐力训练。21名受试者参与干预方案；16名受试者组成对照组。该研究调查了两个月和四个月的呼吸训练干预对潮气量VT和BF的影响。
受试者进行呼吸训练，前两个月平均每天训练13.1±3.7分钟，接下来的两个月平均每天训练11.1±3.9分钟。呼吸训练干预使呼吸经济性发生了显著变化。干预2个月后，BF显著下降（5.92%），VT显著增加（4.44%）。再过2个月，变化更加明显。与初始状态相比，干预4个月时，BF下降了11.47%，VT增加了10.96%。对照组没有显著变化。
证实了以激活膈肌为重点的两个月呼吸训练干预是足够的，并导致VT和BF发生显著变化。
