Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland.
Nanoscale. 2019 Mar 21;11(12):5355-5364. doi: 10.1039/c9nr01359h.
Hollow multimetallic PtNiSn nanoparticles (NPs) were formed from solid Ni-core/Pt-frame NPs by the galvanic replacement reaction (GRR) of Ni by Sn. The GRR was performed by adding SnCl4·5H2O dissolved in ethylene glycol into the PtNi3 NPs containing suspension. The reaction yielded nanoframes with a hollow interior, having Pt-rich edges covered with a thin, incomplete Sn layer. They were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). EDS analysis showed that the GRR rate could be modified by changing the solvent and the concentration of tin ions. Indeed, compared to water, ethylene glycol was found to facilitate the reduction of tin chloride and to affect nickel dissolution. TEM analysis revealed that the galvanic replacement of nickel and tin involves two different mechanisms. The first one consists of nickel oxidation followed by reduction of tin ions. In the second mechanism, oxidation of nickel and reduction of tin ions occur simultaneously.
中空多金属 PtNiSn 纳米粒子（NPs）是通过 Ni 与 Sn 的电置换反应（GRR）由固体 Ni 核/Pt 壳 NPs 形成的。GRR 通过将溶解在乙二醇中的 SnCl4·5H2O 添加到含有 PtNi3 NPs 的悬浮液中进行。反应生成具有中空内部的纳米框架，富 Pt 的边缘覆盖着一层薄的、不完整的 Sn 层。使用透射电子显微镜（TEM）、能量色散 X 射线光谱（EDS）和 X 射线衍射（XRD）对其进行了研究。EDS 分析表明，通过改变溶剂和锡离子的浓度可以改变 GRR 速率。事实上，与水相比，乙二醇被发现有利于氯化锡的还原，并影响镍的溶解。TEM 分析表明，镍和锡的电置换涉及两种不同的机制。第一种机制包括镍的氧化，随后是锡离子的还原。在第二种机制中，镍和锡离子的氧化和还原同时发生。
