APC Microbiome Ireland and Department of Medicine, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland.
APC Microbiome Ireland and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland.
Am J Gastroenterol. 2019 Jul;114(7):1036-1042. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000075.
The gut microbiota has emerged as an important consideration in clinical oncology. The role of the microbiome in cancer extends beyond causation and cancer risk. It is now known that the microbiome not only acts at a local epithelial level in the gut but also modifies immune responses within intestinal and extraintestinal tumors. Microbial signaling influences the clinical course of cancer including the efficacy, bioavailability, and toxicity of chemotherapeutic and immunotherapy agents. This has focused research on microbiota profiling in different cancer states with an aim of developing prognostic biomarkers of risk. The potential value of microbiome manipulation with live biotherapeutics or microbial transplantation has also become a realistic consideration. Maintenance of microbial diversity in patients with cancer is a variable challenge given the modifying influences of the tumor itself, chemotherapy, nutritional status, and sporadic antimicrobial therapy. Here, we address current evidence for the role of the microbiome in cancer therapy.
肠道微生物群已成为临床肿瘤学的一个重要考虑因素。微生物组在癌症中的作用不仅超越了因果关系和癌症风险。现在已知微生物组不仅在肠道的上皮水平局部起作用，而且还调节肠道和肠道外肿瘤内的免疫反应。微生物信号影响癌症的临床病程，包括化疗和免疫治疗药物的疗效、生物利用度和毒性。这使得人们关注不同癌症状态下的微生物组特征分析，以期开发风险的预后生物标志物。使用活体生物治疗或微生物移植来操纵微生物组也成为一个现实的考虑因素。鉴于肿瘤本身、化疗、营养状况和偶尔的抗菌治疗的影响，维持癌症患者的微生物多样性是一个具有挑战性的问题。在这里，我们讨论了微生物组在癌症治疗中的作用的现有证据。
