Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Turin, Italy.
Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Turin, Italy.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2019 May;127:89-100. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.02.043. Epub 2019 Mar 5.
The aim of this study was to evaluate cytotoxicity (WST-1 assay), LDH release (LDH assay) and genotoxicity (Comet assay) of three engineered TiO-NPs with different shapes (bipyramids, rods, platelets) in comparison with two commercial TiO-NPs (P25, food grade). After NPs characterization (SEM/T-SEM and DLS), biological effects of NPs were assessed on BEAS-2B cells in presence/absence of light. The cellular uptake of NPs was analyzed using Raman spectroscopy. The cytotoxic effects were mostly slight. After light exposure, the largest cytotoxicity (WST-1 assay) was observed for rods; P25, bipyramids and platelets showed a similar effect; no effect was induced by food grade. No LDH release was detected, confirming the low effect on plasma membrane. Food grade and platelets induced direct genotoxicity while P25, food grade and platelets caused oxidative DNA damage. No genotoxic or oxidative damage was induced by bipyramids and rods. Biological effects were overall lower in darkness than after light exposure. Considering that only food grade, P25 and platelets (more agglomerated) were internalized by cells, the uptake resulted correlated with genotoxicity. In conclusion, cytotoxicity of NPs was low and affected by shape and light exposure, while genotoxicity was influenced by cellular-uptake and aggregation tendency.
本研究旨在评估三种不同形状（双锥体、棒状、板状）的工程 TiO2-NPs 与两种商业 TiO2-NPs（P25、食品级）相比的细胞毒性（WST-1 检测）、LDH 释放（LDH 检测）和遗传毒性（彗星试验）。在对 NPs 进行特征描述（SEM/T-SEM 和 DLS）后，评估了 NPs 在存在/不存在光照的情况下对 BEAS-2B 细胞的生物效应。使用拉曼光谱分析了 NPs 的细胞摄取。细胞毒性效应大多轻微。在光照暴露后，棒状 NPs 表现出最大的细胞毒性（WST-1 检测）；P25、双锥体和板状 NPs 表现出相似的效应；食品级没有诱导效应。未检测到 LDH 释放，证实对质膜的影响较小。食品级和板状 NPs 诱导直接遗传毒性，而 P25、食品级和板状 NPs 引起氧化 DNA 损伤。双锥体和棒状 NPs 未引起遗传毒性或氧化损伤。与光照暴露后相比，在黑暗中生物效应总体较低。考虑到只有食品级、P25 和板状 NPs（更易团聚）被细胞内化，摄取与遗传毒性相关。总之，NPs 的细胞毒性较低，受形状和光照暴露的影响，而遗传毒性受细胞摄取和团聚倾向的影响。
