Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India.
Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2019 May;68:4-12. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.02.013. Epub 2019 Feb 22.
In the field of nanoecotoxicology, very few reports have focused on biochemical changes in non-target organisms after nanoexposure. A less explored aquatic non-target crustacean, Moina macrocopa, was used in the present study to analyze toxicity effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), an emerging nanomaterial. AuNPs was fabricated using tannic acid and were 29 ± 2 nm in size. The 48 h LC value of AuNPs was 14 ± 0.14 mg/L against M. macrocopa. The sub-lethal exposure of M. macrocopa juveniles to AuNPs (1.47 and 2.95 mg/L) decreased the activities of acetyl cholinesterase and digestive enzymes (trypsin and amylase). A concentration dependant increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase suggested the generation of oxidative stress in M. macrocopa after AuNPs exposure. Changes in enzyme activity can be utilized as biomarker(s) for early detection of nanoparticle contamination in aquatic habitat. AuNPs accumulation in gut of M. macrocopa increased the metal bio burden (11 mg/L) and exhibited inhibitory action on digestive enzymes. Complete depuration of AuNPs was not observed after transferring nano-exposed M. macrocopa to normal medium without AuNPs. AuNPs tended to adhere on external body parts such as setae, carapace of M. macrocopa which interfered with swimming activity and also changed the behavioral pattern. AuNPs underwent agglomeration in the medium used for maintenance of M. macrocopa. As nanomaterials are emerging pollutants in aquatic systems, the present work highlights the hazardous effect of AuNPs and development of enzymatic biomarkers to curtail it at community level.
在纳米生态毒理学领域，很少有报道关注纳米暴露后非靶标生物的生化变化。本研究选用研究较少的水生非靶标甲壳类动物大型溞（Moina macrocopa），分析新型纳米材料金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）的毒性效应。采用单宁酸制备了 AuNPs，其粒径为 29±2nm。AuNPs 对 M. macrocopa 的 48hLC 值为 14±0.14mg/L。亚致死浓度 AuNPs（1.47 和 2.95mg/L）暴露于 M. macrocopa 幼体，降低了乙酰胆碱酯酶和消化酶（胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶）的活性。过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶等抗氧化酶的活性呈浓度依赖性增加，表明 AuNPs 暴露后 M. macrocopa 产生了氧化应激。酶活性的变化可作为生物标志物，用于早期检测水生栖息地中纳米颗粒的污染。AuNPs 在大型溞肠道中的积累增加了金属生物负担（11mg/L），并对消化酶表现出抑制作用。将暴露于纳米颗粒的 M. macrocopa 转移到不含纳米颗粒的正常培养基中后，并未完全清除 AuNPs。AuNPs 倾向于附着在大型溞的外部身体部位，如刚毛、甲壳，干扰其游泳活动，并改变其行为模式。AuNPs 在用于维持 M. macrocopa 的培养基中发生团聚。由于纳米材料是水生系统中的新兴污染物，本研究强调了 AuNPs 的危害性，并开发了酶生物标志物来遏制其在群落水平上的危害。
