埃塞俄比亚西北部贡德尔大学医院医护人员职业暴露于血液和体液及其相关因素。
Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids and associated factors among health care workers at the University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.
机构信息
Department of Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
出版信息
Environ Health Prev Med. 2019 Mar 9;24(1):18. doi: 10.1186/s12199-019-0769-9.
BACKGROUND
Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids (BBFs) is a serious concern for health care workers (HCWs) and presents a major risk factor for transmission of infectious diseases such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus, and human immune deficiency virus. The main objective of this study was to assess the magnitudes of occupational exposure of blood and body fluids and associated factors among health workers at the University of Gondar Hospital.
METHODS
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 February to 31 May 2017 at the University of Gondar Hospital. A total of 282 health care workers were selected by simple random sampling technique. Descriptive data was presented as absolute number with percentage, and multivariate analysis was used to assess the statistical association between associated factors and occupational exposure to BBFs. A P value of < 0.05 was considered as statistical significant.
RESULT
A total of 282 HCWs participated with the mean (±SD) age of 30.51 ± 5.86 year. Of the total, 58.5% (165) and 42.2% (119) of the study participants had been exposed to BBFs splash and needlestick injury (NSI) in their lifetime, respectively. However, 39.0% (110) and 20.6% (58) of the HCWs were exposed to splash and NSI in the past 1 year, respectively. Not wearing eye goggle, lack of training on infection prevention, taking of HBV vaccination, and recapping of used needle were risk factors associated with BBFs splash exposure, whereas taking HBV vaccination and recapping of used needle were associated risk factors with NSI exposure.
CONCLUSION
This study showed a high percentage of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among health care workers. Not wearing eye goggle, HBV vaccine status, and recapping needles were found to be independent predictors of occupational exposure to BBFs among HCWs. Therefore, relevant stakeholders need to formulate strategies to create a favorable working environment and increase their adherence to universal precautions.
背景
职业暴露于血液和体液（BBFs）是医护人员（HCWs）严重关切的问题，也是乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）、丙型肝炎病毒和人类免疫缺陷病毒等传染病传播的主要危险因素。本研究的主要目的是评估戈达大学医院卫生工作者职业暴露于血液和体液的程度及其相关因素。
方法
本研究为 2017 年 2 月 1 日至 5 月 31 日在戈达大学医院进行的基于机构的横断面研究。采用简单随机抽样技术，共选择了 282 名卫生保健工作者。采用绝对数和百分比表示描述性数据，并采用多变量分析评估相关因素与 BBFs 职业暴露之间的统计学关联。P 值<0.05 被认为具有统计学意义。
结果
共有 282 名 HCWs 参与了研究，平均（±SD）年龄为 30.51±5.86 岁。在总共的参与者中，58.5%（165）和 42.2%（119）在他们的一生中曾接触过 BBFs 溅出物和针刺伤（NSI），而 39.0%（110）和 20.6%（58）在过去 1 年中分别接触过 BBFs 溅出物和 NSI。不戴护目镜、缺乏感染预防培训、接种乙型肝炎疫苗和重新套上使用过的针头是与 BBFs 溅出物暴露相关的危险因素，而接种乙型肝炎疫苗和重新套上使用过的针头是与 NSI 暴露相关的危险因素。
结论
本研究显示，卫生保健工作者职业暴露于血液和体液的比例较高。不戴护目镜、乙型肝炎疫苗接种状况和重新套上使用过的针头是 HCWs 职业暴露于 BBFs 的独立预测因素。因此，相关利益攸关方需要制定战略，创造有利的工作环境，并提高他们对普遍预防措施的遵守程度。
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