Abere Giziew, Yenealem Dawit Getachew, Wami Sintayehu Daba
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
J Environ Public Health. 2020 May 15;2020:3640247. doi: 10.1155/2020/3640247. eCollection 2020.
Health care workers are at the greatest risk of developing blood-borne diseases through occupational exposure to blood and other contaminated body fluids. Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids (BBFs) continues to be the major public health problems and serious concern for the health care force in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the prevalence of exposure to blood and other body fluids and its associated risk factors among health care workers.
The institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed from January 20 to February 30, 2018. A stratified random sampling followed by a simple random sampling technique was used to select 286 study participants. Data were collected using a pretested and structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with occupational exposure to BBFs. The significance level was obtained at a 95% confidence interval (CI) and value ≤ 0.05.
The prevalence of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among health care workers in the last 12 months was 65.3% (95% CI: 59.4, 70.9). Lack of readily available personal protective equipment (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)) = 3.01, 95% CI: 1.56, 5.84), lack of training (AOR = 3.36, 95% CI: 1.1, 11.2), Khat chewing (AOR = 2.74, 95% CI: 1.3, 5.8), and being a medical doctor (AOR = 5.1, 95% CI: 1.68, 15.21) were significantly associated risk factors with occupational exposure to blood and other body fluids.
In this study, occupational exposure to blood and other body fluids among health care workers remains a major health problem. Hence, ensuring the availability of personal protective equipment, developing strategies on banning, and strict monitoring of Khat chewing and training on infection prevention should be emphasized to minimize the problem.
医护人员因职业接触血液和其他受污染体液而感染血源性疾病的风险最大。职业接触血液和体液（BBF）仍然是埃塞俄比亚的主要公共卫生问题，也是医护人员严重关切的问题。因此，本研究旨在确定医护人员中血液和其他体液接触的患病率及其相关危险因素。
采用基于机构的横断面研究设计，时间为2018年1月20日至2月30日。采用分层随机抽样，然后是简单随机抽样技术，选取286名研究参与者。使用预先测试和结构化的问卷收集数据。进行双变量和多变量逻辑回归分析，以确定与职业接触BBF相关的因素。显著性水平在95%置信区间（CI）和P值≤0.05时获得。
在过去12个月中，医护人员职业接触血液和体液的患病率为65.3%（95%CI：59.4，70.9）。缺乏现成的个人防护设备（调整后的优势比（AOR）=3.01，95%CI：1.56，5.84）、缺乏培训（AOR=3.36，95%CI：1.1，11.2）、咀嚼恰特草（AOR=2.74，95%CI：1.3，5.8）以及身为医生（AOR=5.1，95%CI：1.68，15.21）是与职业接触血液和其他体液显著相关的危险因素。
在本研究中，医护人员职业接触血液和其他体液仍然是一个主要的健康问题。因此，应强调确保个人防护设备的可用性，制定禁止策略，严格监测恰特草咀嚼情况，并开展感染预防培训，以尽量减少该问题。
