Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
Chemosphere. 2019 Jun;225:43-52. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.022. Epub 2019 Mar 5.
Emissions from ship exhaust have been recognized as an important source of air pollution in coastal areas. To investigate the impacts of engine type, fuel and operating conditions on polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) emissions, particle matter (PM) samples emitted from an inland-river bulk freighter (BF) using marine diesel oil (MDO) and an ocean-going passenger vessel (PV) using heavy fuel oil (HFO) were collected under five operation conditions (preheating, leaving, cruising, entering and berthing). The concentrations of 17 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 12 nitro-PAHs (NPAHs) and 4 oxygenated-PAHs species were determined. The concentrations of ΣPAHs, ΣNPAHs and ΣOPAHs measured on the BF and PV exhausts ranged from 1.95 to 417 μg/m, 86.5 to 6.89 × 10 ng/m and 2.00-102 μg/m, respectively. Both ships showed a high proportion of four-ring PAHs, while the BF had more three-ring PAHs (34.00-70.38%) and the PV had more five-ring PAHs (30.02-35.95%). The calculation of indicatory PACs are able to increase the precision of source appointment. The emission factors (EFs) of PACs under maneuvering (including preheating, leaving, entering and berthing) was much higher than those under cruising, which might be due to the engine load, fuel consumption, and secondary reactions. Compared with HFO, combustion with MDO decreased the power-based ΣPAH EFs by 82-99%, power-based ΣNPAH EFs by 86-98%, and power-based ΣOPAHs EFs by 50-82%. These data highlight the importance of quantifying and monitoring ship emissions in close proximity to port area, and are useful for enhancing the relevant databases and improving the accuracy of ship emission inventories.
船舶废气排放已被确认为沿海地区空气污染的一个重要来源。为了研究发动机类型、燃料和运行条件对多环芳烃（PAHs）化合物排放的影响，采集了使用船用柴油（MDO）的内河散货船（BF）和使用重质燃料油（HFO）的远洋客船（PV）在五种运行条件（预热、离港、巡航、进港和靠泊）下排放的颗粒物（PM）样本。测定了 17 种多环芳烃（PAHs）、12 种硝基多环芳烃（NPAHs）和 4 种含氧多环芳烃（OPAHs）的浓度。BF 和 PV 废气中ΣPAHs、ΣNPAHs 和 ΣOPAHs 的浓度范围分别为 1.95 至 417μg/m、86.5 至 6.89×10ng/m 和 2.00 至 102μg/m。两艘船均显示四环 PAHs 比例较高，而 BF 含有较多三环 PAHs（34.00-70.38%），PV 含有较多五环 PAHs（30.02-35.95%）。指示性 PACs 的计算能够提高源分配的精度。操纵（包括预热、离港、进港和靠泊）下 PACs 的排放因子（EFs）远高于巡航时的 EFs，这可能是由于发动机负荷、燃料消耗和二次反应所致。与 HFO 相比，MDO 燃烧使基于功率的ΣPAH EFs 降低了 82-99%，基于功率的ΣNPAH EFs 降低了 86-98%，基于功率的ΣOPAHs EFs 降低了 50-82%。这些数据强调了在靠近港口地区定量和监测船舶排放的重要性，有助于增强相关数据库并提高船舶排放清单的准确性。
