Caruso F L
Cranberry Experiment Station, University of Massachusetts, P.O. Box 569, East Wareham 02538-0569.
Plant Dis. 1998 Apr;82(4):447. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.4.447B.
Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) vines (cv. Howes) from a commercial cranberry bed on Nantucket Island displayed typical symptoms of rose bloom disease in June, 1997. The affected area (1.5 × 30.0 m) consisted of less than 1% symptomatic uprights and was not covered by sprinkler heads of the chemigation system. The same area that did not receive insecticides or fungicides was damaged by black-headed fireworm (Rhopobota naevana) feeding during the 1996 growing season. The surface of the leaves on the abnormal branches displayed the typical white, powdery external appearance, which consisted of basidia and basidiospores of the pathogen Exobasidium oxycocci Rostr. ex Shear that were hyaline, fusiform with a slight curvature, and measured 14 to 18 × 2 to 3 μm, matching a previous description (2). Plants showing symptoms had been infected during 1996. Abnormal lateral shoots with swollen pink leaves grew from infected axillary buds on the previous year's wood (3). Cranberry plants were inoculated with basidiospores but symptoms may take longer than 1 year to develop. Rose bloom was formerly a common disease affecting cranberry in Massachusetts and control strategies were addressed in the disease management recommendations sent out by the Cranberry Experiment Station to growers through 1954. Bergman (1) reported that the disease was found almost every year before 1945, but since then there were no serious outbreaks, possibly due to changes in cultural practices. The fungicide ferbam (ferric dithiocarbamate) largely replaced Bordeaux mixture as a fungicide to combat fruit rot in the late 1940s. The disease was not brought in with imported vines from the Pacific Northwest, where the disease is common, because the vines in this bed were planted in 1910. The disease has not been observed in either wild or abandoned cranberry beds that have not received fungicide applications. This is the first report of this disease in Massachusetts in nearly 50 years. References: (1) H. F. Bergman. 1953. Yearbook of Agriculture, p. 792. (2) F. L. Caruso and D. C. Ramsdell, eds. 1995. Compendium of Blueberry and Cranberry Diseases. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. (3) C. L. Shear et al. 1931. U.S. Dep. Agric. Tech. Bull. 258.
1997年6月，马萨诸塞州楠塔基特岛一片商业化蔓越莓种植床上的豪斯品种（cv. Howes）蔓越莓藤蔓出现了典型的玫瑰色花腐病症状。受影响区域（1.5×30.0米）中出现症状的直立枝不到1%，且不在化学灌溉系统喷头覆盖范围内。在1996年生长季，同一未施用杀虫剂或杀菌剂的区域因黑头卷叶蛾（Rhopobota naevana）取食而受损。异常枝条上叶片表面呈现出典型的白色粉状外观，这是由病原菌尖叶外担子菌（Exobasidium oxycocci Rostr. ex Shear）的担子和担孢子组成，这些担子和担孢子呈透明状，梭形且稍有弯曲，大小为14至18×2至3微米，与之前的描述相符（2）。出现症状的植株在1996年已被感染。上一年枝条上受感染的腋芽处长出了带有肿胀粉色叶片的异常侧枝（3）。用担孢子对蔓越莓植株进行了接种，但症状可能需要超过1年时间才会显现。玫瑰色花腐病曾是马萨诸塞州影响蔓越莓的常见病害，蔓越莓试验站在1954年前向种植者发布的病害管理建议中提及了防治策略。伯格曼（1）报告称，1945年前几乎每年都能发现这种病害，但自那时起就没有严重爆发过，可能是由于栽培方式的改变。20世纪40年代后期，杀菌剂福美铁（二硫代氨基甲酸铁）在很大程度上取代了波尔多液用于防治果实腐烂。该病并非随来自太平洋西北部（该病常见）的进口藤蔓传入，因为这片种植床的藤蔓是1910年种植的。在未施用杀菌剂的野生或废弃蔓越莓种植床中均未观察到该病。这是近50年来该病在马萨诸塞州的首次报告。参考文献：（1）H. F. 伯格曼。1953年。《农业年鉴》，第792页。（2）F. L. 卡鲁索和D. C. 拉姆齐德尔编。1995年。《蓝莓和蔓越莓病害汇编》。美国植物病理学会，明尼苏达州圣保罗。（3）C. L. 希尔等人。1931年。美国农业部技术通报第258号。
