Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
Nutrients. 2019 Mar 8;11(3):580. doi: 10.3390/nu11030580.
Although extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a novel biomediator of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), the effects of hyperglycemia on EVs in humans is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) would promote changes in EVs in relation to CVD risk. Twenty-five obese adults (Age: 52.4 ± 3.2 year, BMI: 32.5 ± 1.2 kg/m²) were screened for normal glucose tolerance (NGT, = 8) and prediabetes (PD, n = 17) using American Diabetes Association criteria (75 g OGTT and/or HbA1c). Body composition (bioelectrical impedance) and fitness (VO₂peak) were measured. Arterial stiffness (augmentation index; AIx) was measured at 0, 60- and 120-min while insulin, glucose, and free fatty acids were evaluated every 30 min during the OGTT to assess CVD risk. Annexin V positive (AV+) and Annexin V negative (AV-) total EVs, platelet EVs (CD31⁺/CD41⁺; CD41⁺), leukocyte EVs (CD45⁺; CD45⁺/CD41), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM) (CD31⁺) and endothelial EVs (CD 31⁺/CD41; CD105⁺) were collected at 0 and 120 min. There were no differences in age, BMI, or body fat between NGT and PD (all > 0.63). Total EVs, AV+ CD31 (PECAM), and AV+ CD31⁺/CD41 (endothelial) EVs decreased after the OGTT ( ≤ 0.04). Circulating insulin at 2-h correlated with elevated post-prandial AV- CD45⁺ ( = 0.48, = 0.04) while arterial stiffness related to reduced total EVs ( = -0.49, = 0.03) and AV+CD41⁺ (platelet) ( = -0.52, = 0.02). An oral glucose load lowers post-prandial total, platelet, and endothelial EVs in obese adults with NGT and prediabetes in relation to CVD risk.
尽管细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 是 2 型糖尿病 (T2D) 和心血管疾病 (CVD) 的新型生物介质，但高血糖对人类 EVs 的影响尚不清楚。我们检验了这样一个假设，即口服 75g 葡萄糖耐量试验 (OGTT) 将促进与 CVD 风险相关的 EVs 变化。25 名肥胖成年人（年龄：52.4 ± 3.2 岁，BMI：32.5 ± 1.2kg/m²）根据美国糖尿病协会标准（75gOGTT 和/或 HbA1c）进行正常糖耐量 (NGT，n=8) 和糖尿病前期 (PD，n=17) 筛查。测量身体成分（生物电阻抗）和体能（VO₂peak）。在 0、60 和 120 分钟时测量动脉僵硬度（增强指数；AIx），在 OGTT 期间每 30 分钟评估胰岛素、葡萄糖和游离脂肪酸，以评估 CVD 风险。在 0 和 120 分钟时收集 Annexin V 阳性 (AV+) 和 Annexin V 阴性 (AV-) 总 EVs、血小板 EVs（CD31⁺/CD41⁺；CD41⁺）、白细胞 EVs（CD45⁺；CD45⁺/CD41）、血小板内皮细胞黏附分子 (PECAM)（CD31⁺）和内皮 EVs（CD31⁺/CD41；CD105⁺）。NGT 和 PD 之间的年龄、BMI 或体脂没有差异（均>0.63）。OGTT 后总 EVs、AV+CD31（PECAM）和 AV+CD31⁺/CD41（内皮）EVs 减少（≤0.04）。2 小时时的循环胰岛素与餐后升高的 AV-CD45⁺相关（=0.48，=0.04），而动脉僵硬度与总 EVs 降低相关（=-0.49，=0.03）和 AV+CD41⁺（血小板）（=-0.52，=0.02）。口服葡萄糖负荷可降低肥胖成年人的餐后总、血小板和内皮 EVs，无论其是否患有 NGT 和糖尿病前期，与 CVD 风险有关。
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