Samaras Panos, Ferreira Michael J
J Bus Contin Emer Plan. 2019 Jan 1;12(3):242-252.
Since 2010 there have been at least 25 reported events that necessitated the evacuation of at least one full terminal of an airport. To facilitate the evacuation of the large number of passengers required, it is critical that airports install a properly designed emergency communications system (ECS). This paper discusses the key factors driving the design and operation of alarm systems in airport passenger terminal buildings. The technical requirements for passenger notification per the applicable codes and standards are discussed as well as the proper strategy for messaging and facilitating passenger evacuation. The paper discusses the various options for audible notification (including siren type alarms, pre-recorded announcements and live announcements) and visible notification (including strobes, exit signage and dynamic signage) and the impact of airport staff actions on facilitating evacuation. The paper concludes that a properly designed ECS incorporating verbal directive messaging may be most effective, with consideration being given to whether to augment this with enhanced visible notification. Perhaps equally important is developing standard operating procedures for assigning non-rescue-oriented airport staff with the responsibility to pay attention to and act upon ECS notification to provide direction to passengers and aid in facilitating evacuation.
自2010年以来，至少有25起已报告的事件需要疏散机场至少一个完整的航站楼。为了便于疏散所需的大量乘客，机场安装设计合理的应急通信系统（ECS）至关重要。本文讨论了推动机场客运航站楼警报系统设计和运行的关键因素。讨论了适用规范和标准中关于乘客通知的技术要求，以及消息传递和促进乘客疏散的适当策略。本文讨论了听觉通知（包括警报器类警报、预录制公告和现场公告）和视觉通知（包括频闪灯、出口标识和动态标识）的各种选项，以及机场工作人员行动对促进疏散的影响。本文得出结论，结合口头指令消息传递的设计合理的应急通信系统可能最有效，同时要考虑是否通过增强视觉通知来加以补充。或许同样重要的是制定标准操作程序，指定不负责救援的机场工作人员负责关注应急通信系统通知并据此采取行动，为乘客提供指引并协助促进疏散。
