Brabcová Iva, Hajduchová Hana, Tóthová Valérie, Bártlová Sylva, Filka Jozef, Doseděl Martin, Malý Josef, Vlček Jiří
Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, the University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic, Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Emergency Care, Czech Republic.
Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, the University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic, Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics and Public Health, Czech Republic.
Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2019 Feb;39(7):481-488.
Patients falls have a multifactorial character and typically have multiple causalities.
The goal of the study was to identify risk factors for falls of hospitalized patients.
This was a case-control study. The study included 222 patients who experienced a fall during their hospitalization (cases) and 1,076 patients who did not fall during their hospitalization (controls). The study involved four hospitals in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. The study took place during the 2017 calendar year.
The average age of patients who experienced a fall was 77.9 years. The group of cases included 5-times more patients with a history of falls than the controls. Patients who fell were in higher risk of falls than patients in the control group at hospital admission. The group of cases also had a higher prevalence of confused and restless patients; however, the group did not include a statistically significantly higher number of incontinent patients, patients with eating and drinking disorders, or patients with intravenous therapy than the control group.
Interventions aimed at prevention of falls should be included in care plans, especially for older patients, patients who have fallen in the past, patients who have movement restriction, patients with cognitive dysfunction, and patients with increased need of assistance with basic daily activities.
患者跌倒具有多因素特征，通常有多种病因。
该研究的目的是确定住院患者跌倒的风险因素。
这是一项病例对照研究。该研究纳入了222名在住院期间发生跌倒的患者（病例组）和1076名在住院期间未发生跌倒的患者（对照组）。该研究涉及捷克共和国南波希米亚地区的四家医院。该研究于2017日历年进行。
发生跌倒的患者的平均年龄为77.9岁。病例组中有跌倒史的患者是对照组的5倍。在入院时，跌倒患者比对照组患者发生跌倒的风险更高。病例组中意识模糊和烦躁不安的患者患病率也更高；然而，与对照组相比，该组中大小便失禁患者、饮食障碍患者或接受静脉治疗的患者数量在统计学上并没有显著更多。
预防跌倒的干预措施应纳入护理计划，特别是针对老年患者、既往有跌倒史的患者、行动受限的患者、认知功能障碍患者以及基本日常生活需要更多协助的患者。
