Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Education, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland.
Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, England.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci. 2019 Sep;10(5):e1500. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1500. Epub 2019 Mar 12.
Gaze or eye contact is one of the most important nonverbal social cues, which is fundamental to human social interactions. To achieve real time and dynamic face-to-face communication, our brain needs to process another person's gaze direction rapidly and without explicit instruction. In order to explain the fast and spontaneous processing of direct gaze, the fast-track modulator model was proposed. Here, we review recent developments in gaze processing research in the last decade to extend the fast-track modulator model. In particular, we propose that task demand or top-down modulation could play a more crucial role at gaze processing than formerly assumed. We suggest that under different task demands, top-down modulation can facilitate or interfere with the direct gaze effects for early visual processing. The proposed modification of the model extends the role of task demand and its implication on the direct gaze effect, as well as the need to better control for top-down processing in order to better disentangle the role of top-down and bottom-up processing on the direct gaze effect. This article is categorized under: Cognitive Biology > Evolutionary Roots of Cognition Psychology > Perception and Psychophysics Neuroscience > Cognition.
凝视或眼神交流是最重要的非言语社交线索之一，是人类社交互动的基础。为了实现实时动态的面对面交流，我们的大脑需要快速且无需明确指令地处理他人的注视方向。为了解释直接注视的快速和自发处理，提出了快速跟踪调制器模型。在这里，我们回顾了过去十年中在注视处理研究方面的最新进展，以扩展快速跟踪调制器模型。特别是，我们提出任务需求或自上而下的调制在注视处理中可能比以前假设的更为重要。我们认为，在不同的任务需求下，自上而下的调制可以促进或干扰早期视觉处理的直接注视效应。该模型的修改扩展了任务需求及其对直接注视效应的影响，以及需要更好地控制自上而下的处理，以便更好地区分自上而下和自下而上的处理对直接注视效应的作用。本文属于以下分类：认知生物学>认知的进化根源心理学>知觉和心理物理学神经科学>认知。
