Amaral Camilla Fraga do, Souza Gustavo Almeida, Pinheiro Mayara Abreu, Campos Camila Heitor, Garcia Renata Cunha Matheus Rodrigues
Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
Braz Dent J. 2019 Jan-Feb;30(1):66-72. doi: 10.1590/0103-6440201902086.
The use of two-implant overdentures improves mastication of edentulous elderly patients. However, little is known about the effects of single-implant overdentures (SIO) on oral perception and masticatory function in such elders. This study compared the effects of conventional complete dentures (CD) and SIO on the oral sensorimotor ability (OSA), masticatory function, and nutritional intake of elderly people with residual alveolar mandibular height classified as Class III or IV according to the American College of Prosthodontics. Twelve elders first received new conventional CD, which were later converted to SIO. All variables were evaluated after use of each prosthesis for 2 months. To evaluate OSA, elders closed their eyes and orally identified test pieces prepared from raw carrots. A kinesiographic device was used to measure chewing movements during mastication of a test material (Optocal). Masticatory performance (MP) was determined with the sieving method, and a 3-day food diary verified nutrient intake based on a standard Brazilian Food Composition Table. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and Student's paired t test (P < 0.05). OSA results did not differ according to prosthesis type. However, opening and closing velocities during chewing and MP increased after SIO insertion (P < 0.05). Although no difference was observed in the intake of most nutrients, sodium ingestion decreased after SIO insertion (P < 0.05). SIO use had no effect on OSA, but significantly improved mastication and sodium intake of elders with decreased residual ridges height (Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials #RBR-3kgttj).
使用两颗种植体覆盖义齿可改善无牙老年患者的咀嚼功能。然而，对于单颗种植体覆盖义齿（SIO）在此类老年人的口腔感知和咀嚼功能方面的影响却知之甚少。本研究比较了传统全口义齿（CD）和SIO对根据美国口腔修复学会分类为III类或IV类的剩余牙槽嵴高度降低的老年人的口腔感觉运动能力（OSA）、咀嚼功能和营养摄入的影响。12名老年人首先佩戴新的传统CD，之后转换为SIO。在使用每种修复体2个月后对所有变量进行评估。为了评估OSA，老年人闭上眼睛并通过口腔识别由生胡萝卜制成的测试片。使用运动记录装置测量在咀嚼测试材料（Optocal）期间的咀嚼运动。用筛分法测定咀嚼性能（MP），并根据标准巴西食物成分表通过3天的食物日记核实营养摄入情况。使用Wilcoxon符号秩检验和学生配对t检验分析数据（P < 0.05）。OSA结果根据修复体类型没有差异。然而，在插入SIO后，咀嚼过程中的开闭速度和MP增加（P < 0.05）。虽然在大多数营养素的摄入量方面未观察到差异，但在插入SIO后钠摄入量减少（P < 0.05）。使用SIO对OSA没有影响，但显著改善了剩余牙槽嵴高度降低的老年人的咀嚼和钠摄入量（巴西临床试验注册#RBR - 3kgttj）。
