Thurman Whitney A, Johnson Karen E, Sumpter Danica F
College of Pharmacy (Dr Thurman) and School of Nursing (Drs Johnson and Sumpter), The University of Texas at Austin.
ANS Adv Nurs Sci. 2019 Apr/Jun;42(2):89-108. doi: 10.1097/ANS.0000000000000265.
In health care, as in society, racism operates on multiple levels and contributes greatly to health and social inequities experienced by black Americans. In addressing racism, however, health care has primarily focused on interpersonal racism rather than institutionalized forms of racism that are deeply entrenched and contribute to racial inequities in health. In order to meaningfully address health inequities, health care must extend its focus beyond the interpersonal level. The purpose of this integrative literature review is to identify how and to what extent peer-reviewed nursing literature and professional nursing organizations have explicitly addressed institutionalized racism. A systematic search of relevant nursing literature published since 2008 yielded 29 journal articles that focused on black Americans' experience of institutionalized racism in health and health care; the articles explicitly named racism as institutionalized, institutional, systemic, systematic, or structural. This review summarizes author-identified implications of institutionalized racism for nursing education, research, and practice, and offers suggestions for use by the nursing profession to dismantle racist policies, practices, and structures.
在医疗保健领域，如同在社会中一样，种族主义在多个层面发挥作用，极大地加剧了美国黑人所面临的健康和社会不平等。然而，在应对种族主义时，医疗保健主要关注的是人际层面的种族主义，而非根深蒂固且导致健康领域种族不平等的制度化种族主义形式。为了切实解决健康不平等问题，医疗保健必须将关注点从人际层面扩展出去。这篇综合性文献综述的目的是确定同行评审的护理文献以及专业护理组织如何且在何种程度上明确探讨了制度化种族主义。对2008年以来发表的相关护理文献进行系统检索，得到了29篇期刊文章，这些文章聚焦于美国黑人在健康和医疗保健方面遭受制度化种族主义的经历；文章明确将种族主义称为制度化、体制化、系统性、体系性或结构性的。本综述总结了作者所确定的制度化种族主义对护理教育、研究和实践的影响，并为护理专业提供建议，以拆除种族主义政策、做法和结构。
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