Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2019 Jul;35(5):e3151. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.3151. Epub 2019 Apr 16.
No recent epidemiologic studies on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have been conducted in Spain. The present study aimed to explore trends in the prevalence of GDM and ascertain whether the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes changed between 2006 and 2015 in Catalonia.
In this population-based study, all hospital admissions for singleton births in Catalonia for the period 2006 to 2015 were collected from the Spanish Minimum Basic Data Set. Cases of GDM were identified from hospital delivery discharge reports using ICD-9-CM codes. Data regarding maternal characteristics and perinatal outcomes were analysed. Crude and age-adjusted annual prevalences were calculated. The Poisson regression model was used to assess trends in prevalence and perinatal outcomes, adjusted for age and smoking habit; however, they could not be adjusted for body mass index (BMI) and ethnicity.
Data from 743 762 deliveries were collected. GDM prevalence over the study period was 4.80% (95% CI 4.75-4.85%). Crude GDM prevalence rose from 3.81% (95% CI 3.67-3.95%) in 2006 to 6.53% (95% CI 6.33-6.72%) in 2015 (P < 0.001). Women with GDM showed a stable trend in rates of preeclampsia (2.56%), prematurity (15.7%), and large-for-gestational age (LGA) newborns (18.3%), whereas a lower rate of macrosomia was observed during the study period (from 9.16% to 7.84%). Caesarean deliveries rose from 28% to 31%; however, significance was lost after adjustment.
The prevalence of GDM in Catalonia almost doubled between 2006 and 2015. During the study period, the frequency of macrosomia decreased whereas pre-eclampsia, prematurity, LGA, and age-adjusted Caesarean rates remained stable.
西班牙最近没有关于妊娠糖尿病（GDM）的流行病学研究。本研究旨在探讨 GDM 的流行趋势，并确定 2006 年至 2015 年期间加泰罗尼亚地区不良围产结局的风险是否发生了变化。
在这项基于人群的研究中，从西班牙最低基本数据集收集了 2006 年至 2015 年加泰罗尼亚所有单胎分娩的住院病例。使用国际疾病分类第 9 版临床修正（ICD-9-CM）代码从医院分娩出院报告中确定 GDM 病例。分析了产妇特征和围产结局的数据。计算了粗患病率和年龄调整后的年患病率。使用泊松回归模型评估流行趋势和围产结局，调整了年龄和吸烟习惯；然而，它们不能调整体重指数（BMI）和种族。
共收集了 743762 例分娩数据。研究期间 GDM 的患病率为 4.80%（95%CI 4.75-4.85%）。2006 年的粗 GDM 患病率为 3.81%（95%CI 3.67-3.95%），2015 年上升至 6.53%（95%CI 6.33-6.72%）（P<0.001）。患有 GDM 的女性子痫前期（2.56%）、早产（15.7%）和巨大儿（LGA）新生儿（18.3%）的发生率呈稳定趋势，而研究期间巨大儿的发生率较低（从 9.16%降至 7.84%）。剖宫产率从 28%上升到 31%；然而，调整后意义丧失。
2006 年至 2015 年期间，加泰罗尼亚的 GDM 患病率几乎翻了一番。在研究期间，巨大儿的频率下降，而子痫前期、早产、LGA 和年龄调整后的剖宫产率保持稳定。
