Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2019;91:123-130. doi: 10.1159/000493704. Epub 2019 Mar 13.
Two nationwide studies, namely the South East Asian Nutrition Survey (SEANUTS Malaysia) and MyBreakfast study showed that 13-17% of children aged between 6 and 12 years were either overweight or obese. From dietary assessment, the majority of children achieved the Malaysian recommended nutrient intake (RNI) for energy and protein, but more than 50% did not fulfill the RNI for calcium and vitamin D. The majority of children consumed breakfast regularly; however, 20-30% of children skipped breakfast. The MyBreakfast study showed that 17.7% of the children consumed ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) at breakfast, while among non-RTEC consumers, bread (44.2%), eggs (31.8%), and nasi lemak (23.9%) were the most common foods consumed. RTEC was the major contributor of whole grain (68.6%), followed by hot cereal (18.6%), biscuits (8.7%), and bread (1.8%). In the SEANUTS Malaysia, among children aged 7-9 years, 13.4 and 9.5% met the Malaysian Dietary Guideline (MDG) for fruits and vegetables while among children aged 10-12 years, only 19.6 and 16.1%, respectively, met the MDG for fruits and vegetables. For the milk group, only 5.5% of 7- to 9-year-old children and 3.7% of those 10-12 years old met the MDG for milk/dairy products per day.
两项全国性研究，即东南亚营养调查（SEANUTS 马来西亚）和我的早餐研究表明，13-17%的 6-12 岁儿童超重或肥胖。从饮食评估来看，大多数儿童的能量和蛋白质摄入量达到了马来西亚的推荐营养素摄入量（RNI），但超过 50%的儿童没有达到钙和维生素 D 的 RNI。大多数儿童都有规律地吃早餐；然而，有 20-30%的儿童不吃早餐。我的早餐研究表明，17.7%的儿童早餐食用即食谷物（RTEC），而非 RTEC 消费者中，面包（44.2%）、鸡蛋（31.8%）和椰浆饭（23.9%）是最常见的早餐食品。RTEC 是全谷物（68.6%）的主要来源，其次是热麦片（18.6%）、饼干（8.7%）和面包（1.8%）。在 SEANUTS 马来西亚，7-9 岁儿童中，有 13.4%和 9.5%符合马来西亚膳食指南（MDG）中水果和蔬菜的摄入量标准，而 10-12 岁儿童中，只有 19.6%和 16.1%分别符合 MDG 中水果和蔬菜的摄入量标准。对于奶制品组，只有 5.5%的 7-9 岁儿童和 3.7%的 10-12 岁儿童达到了 MDG 中每天摄入牛奶/奶制品的标准。
