Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2019;91:169-178. doi: 10.1159/000493708. Epub 2019 Mar 13.
Breakfast has been claimed to improve cognitive function and academic performance, leading to the provision of breakfast initiatives by public health bodies. Children may be particularly sensitive to the nutritional effects of breakfast due to greater energetic needs compared to adults. However, there is a lack of acute intervention studies assessing what type of breakfast is optimal for cognitive performance. In this paper, the impact of breakfast-based glycemic response on cognition in children will be reviewed. The data suggest that a more stable blood glucose profile which avoids greater peaks and troughs in circulating glucose levels is associated with better cognitive function across the morning. Although the evidence to date is promising, it is currently insufficient to allow firm and evidence-based recommendations. What limits our ability to draw conclusions from previous findings is that the studies have differed widely with respect to subject characteristics, cognitive tests used, and timing of cognitive assessment. In addition, few studies have profiled glycemic response in children specifically. There is, therefore, an urgent need for hypothesis-driven, randomized, controlled trials that evaluate the role of different glycemic manipulations on cognition.
早餐据称可以改善认知功能和学业表现，这导致公共卫生机构提供早餐计划。由于与成年人相比，儿童的能量需求更大，因此他们可能对早餐的营养影响更为敏感。然而，目前缺乏评估哪种类型的早餐最有利于认知表现的急性干预研究。本文将综述基于早餐的血糖反应对儿童认知的影响。数据表明，避免血糖水平循环中出现较大峰值和低谷的更稳定的血糖谱与整个上午更好的认知功能相关。尽管迄今为止的证据很有希望，但目前还不足以做出明确和基于证据的建议。限制我们从先前研究中得出结论的能力的是，这些研究在研究对象特征、使用的认知测试以及认知评估的时间方面差异很大。此外，很少有研究专门描述儿童的血糖反应。因此，迫切需要基于假设的、随机的、对照试验，以评估不同血糖控制对认知的作用。
