Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, The University of Melbourne, Werribee Campus, Werribee, VIC, 3030, Australia.
School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart, Australia.
Parasit Vectors. 2019 Mar 13;12(1):99. doi: 10.1186/s13071-019-3340-z.
Sarcoptic mange, caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite, is an infectious disease of wildlife, domestic animals and humans with international importance. Whilst a variety of treatment and control methods have been investigated in wildlife, the literature is fragmented and lacking consensus. The primary objectives of this review were to synthesise the diverse literature published on the treatment of sarcoptic mange in wildlife from around the world, and to identify the qualities of successful treatment strategies in both captive and free-roaming wildlife.
A systematic search of the electronic databases CAB Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE and Discovery was undertaken. Data pertaining to study design, country, year, species, study size, mange severity, treatment protocol and outcomes were extracted from eligible studies and placed in a table. Following data extraction, a decision tree was used to identify studies suitable for further analysis based on the effectiveness of their treatment protocol, whether they were conducted on captive or non-captive wildlife, and the quality of their post-treatment monitoring period.
Twenty-eight studies met our initial inclusion criteria for data collection. Of these studies, 15 were selected for further analysis following application of the decision tree. This comprised of 9 studies on captive wildlife, 5 studies on free-living wildlife and 1 study involving both captive and free-living wildlife. Ivermectin delivered multiple times via subcutaneous injection at a dose between 200-400 µg/kg was found to be the most common and successfully used treatment, although long-term data on post-release survival and re-infection rates was elusive.
To our knowledge, this review is the first to demonstrate that multiple therapeutic protocols exist for the treatment of sarcoptic mange in wildlife. However, several contemporary treatment options are yet to be formally reported in wildlife, such as the use of isoxazoline chemicals as a one-off treatment. There is also a strong indication for more randomised controlled trials, as well as improved methods of post-treatment monitoring. Advancing this field of knowledge is expected to aid veterinarians, wildlife workers and policy makers with the design and implementation of effective treatment and management strategies for the conservation of wildlife affected by sarcoptic mange.
由疥螨引起的疥疮是一种具有国际重要性的野生动物、家畜和人类传染病。虽然已经研究了多种治疗和控制方法，但文献分散且缺乏共识。本综述的主要目的是综合世界各地关于野生动物疥疮治疗的不同文献，并确定在圈养和自由放养野生动物中成功治疗策略的特点。
对 CAB Direct、PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science、EMBASE 和 Discovery 电子数据库进行了系统搜索。从合格的研究中提取了与研究设计、国家、年份、物种、研究规模、疥疮严重程度、治疗方案和结果有关的数据，并将其放入表格中。在数据提取之后，使用决策树根据其治疗方案的有效性、是否在圈养或非圈养野生动物中进行以及治疗后监测期的质量，确定适合进一步分析的研究。
有 28 项研究符合我们的数据收集初始纳入标准。在应用决策树之后，其中 15 项研究被选入进一步分析。这包括 9 项关于圈养野生动物的研究、5 项关于自由放养野生动物的研究和 1 项涉及圈养和自由放养野生动物的研究。多次通过皮下注射给予伊维菌素，剂量为 200-400µg/kg，被发现是最常见和成功使用的治疗方法，尽管关于释放后生存和再感染率的长期数据难以获得。
据我们所知，这是首次证明有多种治疗方案可用于治疗野生动物的疥疮。然而，几种当代的治疗选择尚未在野生动物中正式报道，例如使用异恶唑啉类化学品作为一次性治疗。还强烈需要更多的随机对照试验，以及改进的治疗后监测方法。预计推进这一知识领域将有助于兽医、野生动物工作者和政策制定者设计和实施有效的治疗和管理策略，以保护受疥疮影响的野生动物。
