Monsour P A, Young W G
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1986 May;61(5):522-6. doi: 10.1016/0030-4220(86)90399-3.
This article deals with the incidence of anatomic variations in the styloid process and stylohyoid ligament as found in panoramic radiographs. Also, the accuracy was determined for measuring the length of styloid processes from panoramic radiographs, the variation in length of the styloid process with age, and the relationship of elongated styloid processes and ossified stylohyoid ligaments to symptoms of styloid-stylohyoid syndrome. Variations in styloid process and stylohyoid ligaments are not uncommon, especially segmentation of the process in young subjects. The apparent length of the styloid process was magnified approximately 1.37 times and was never diminished by panoramic radiographs. A steady increase in styloid process length was observed to age 30 years, with another slight increase starting at age 60 years. Subjects with elongated styloid processes (greater than 40 mm) had the highest incidence of discomfort on swallowing, whereas subjects with ossification of the stylohyoid ligament had the highest incidence of discomfort on turning the head from side to side.
本文探讨全景X线片中茎突及茎突舌骨韧带解剖变异的发生率。此外，还确定了从全景X线片测量茎突长度的准确性、茎突长度随年龄的变化，以及茎突延长和茎突舌骨韧带骨化与茎突-茎突舌骨综合征症状的关系。茎突及茎突舌骨韧带的变异并不少见，尤其是在年轻受试者中茎突的分段。茎突的表观长度大约放大了1.37倍，全景X线片从未使其缩短。观察到茎突长度在30岁前稳步增加，60岁开始又有轻微增加。茎突延长（大于40mm）的受试者吞咽不适发生率最高，而茎突舌骨韧带骨化的受试者转头时不适发生率最高。
