Hepp Johanna, Gebhardt Susanne, Kieslich Pascal J, Störkel Lisa M, Niedtfeld Inga
1Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim at Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
2Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul. 2019 Mar 3;6:4. doi: 10.1186/s40479-019-0103-6. eCollection 2019.
Several recent studies have demonstrated that naïve raters tend to evaluate individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) negatively at zero-acquaintance (i.e., in a 'first impression' type situation, where the rater has no knowledge of the individual and no prior interactions with them). Specifically, individuals with BPD were evaluated as less trustworthy, likeable, and cooperative than healthy participants (HCs). Based on previous impression formation studies, we hypothesized that the non-verbal cues positive affect display, negative affect display, and eye contact contribute to negative first impressions of those with BPD.
To address this question, we recruited 101 participants that rated the degree of positive affect display, negative affect display, and eye contact in 52 videos of age-and gender-matched BPD and HC participants. We hypothesized that low positive affect display, high negative affect display, and eye contact would mediate the association between group (BPD vs. HC) and ratings of trustworthiness, likeability, and cooperativeness.
Ratings for positive affect display were significantly lower and those for negative affect display significantly higher for BPD versus HC targets, whereas eye contact did not differ significantly between groups. In multiple mediation models, positive affect display significantly mediated the association between group and trustworthiness/likeability, whereas negative affect display only mediated the association between group and likeability. None of the individual cues was a significant mediator of the association between group and cooperation.
We emphasize therapeutic possibilities to improve positive affect display -and thus overall first impressions- to increase the chances of forming social bonds for BPD individuals.
最近的几项研究表明，在零接触（即“第一印象”类型的情境中，评估者对被评估个体一无所知且之前没有与他们互动过）的情况下，单纯的评估者往往会对边缘型人格障碍（BPD）患者做出负面评价。具体而言，与健康参与者（HCs）相比，BPD患者被评估为更不值得信任、更不可爱且更不合作。基于以往的印象形成研究，我们假设非言语线索——积极情绪表达、消极情绪表达和眼神接触——会导致对BPD患者的负面第一印象。
为解决这个问题，我们招募了101名参与者，他们对52段年龄和性别匹配的BPD患者及HC参与者的视频中的积极情绪表达、消极情绪表达和眼神接触程度进行评分。我们假设低积极情绪表达、高消极情绪表达和眼神接触会介导组别（BPD组与HC组）与可信赖性、可爱程度和合作性评分之间的关联。
与HC组目标相比，BPD组目标的积极情绪表达评分显著更低，消极情绪表达评分显著更高，而两组之间的眼神接触没有显著差异。在多个中介模型中，积极情绪表达显著介导了组别与可信赖性/可爱程度之间的关联，而消极情绪表达仅介导了组别与可爱程度之间的关联。没有任何一个个体线索是组别与合作性之间关联的显著中介因素。
我们强调了改善积极情绪表达——从而改善整体第一印象——以增加BPD患者形成社会联系机会的治疗可能性。
