Smith P G, Dyches T J, Burde R M
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1986 Apr;94(4):451-7. doi: 10.1177/019459988609400409.
Horner's syndrome or oculosympathetic paralysis is not an uncommon finding in patients with head and neck neoplasms. While in most cases the syndrome is easily established at the bedside, it can be confirmed and topographically defined as a central, preganglionic, or postganglionic lesion through sequential pharmacologic testing. The importance of such localization lies in differentiating neoplasia vs. a benign condition as the cause of the syndrome. Such variants as congenital Horner's, an alternating Horner's, and a pseudo-Horner's syndrome are discussed in regard to their differential features.
霍纳综合征或眼交感神经麻痹在头颈部肿瘤患者中并不少见。虽然在大多数情况下，该综合征在床边很容易诊断，但可通过连续的药理学测试来确诊，并在解剖学上确定为中枢性、节前性或节后性病变。这种定位的重要性在于区分肿瘤与作为该综合征病因的良性疾病。本文还讨论了先天性霍纳综合征、交替性霍纳综合征和假性霍纳综合征等变体的鉴别特征。
