Department of Population Medicine,University of Guelph,Guelph, Ontario,Canada.
Real-time Syndromic Surveillance Team, Field Service, National Infection Service,Public Health England,Birmingham,UK.
Epidemiol Infect. 2019 Jan;147:e112. doi: 10.1017/S0950268818003357.
Norovirus is a predominant cause of infectious gastroenteritis in countries worldwide [1-5]. It accounts for approximately 50% of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and >90% of viral gastroenteritis outbreaks [6, 7]. The incubation period ranges between 10 and 48 h and illness duration is generally 1-3 days with self-limiting symptoms; however, this duration is often longer (e.g. 4-6 days) in vulnerable populations such as hospital patients or young children [2, 8]. Symptomatic infection of norovirus presents as acute vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal cramps and nausea, with severe vomiting and diarrhoea (non-bloody) being most common [2, 5, 9].
诺如病毒是世界范围内引起感染性胃肠炎的主要病原体[1-5]。它约占急性胃肠炎（AGE）的 50%，以及>90%的病毒性胃肠炎暴发[6,7]。潜伏期在 10 至 48 小时之间，疾病持续时间一般为 1-3 天，症状具有自限性；然而，在易感染人群（如住院患者或幼儿）中，该持续时间往往更长（例如 4-6 天）[2,8]。诺如病毒感染的症状表现为急性呕吐、腹泻、腹痛和恶心，最常见的是严重呕吐和腹泻（非血性）[2,5,9]。
